Safety Practices Among Bus Operators During Wee Hour Operations

Safety Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP) was developed to help road transportation operators to manage its operation in a systematic and safe manner. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of SHE COP implementation during non-OPS period. The objective of the study is to...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M.R. Osman, F. Abas, M.S. Noh, A. Mohamad Suffian, O. Ilhamah, H.Z. Zarir, A.B. Wahida, P. Noor Faradila, M.F. Siti Atiqah
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: Zenodo 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1077393
https://zenodo.org/record/1077393
Description
Summary:Safety Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP) was developed to help road transportation operators to manage its operation in a systematic and safe manner. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of SHE COP implementation during non-OPS period. The objective of the study is to evaluate the implementations of SHE COP among bus operators during wee hour operations. The data was collected by completing a set of checklist after observing the activities during pre departure, during the trip, and upon arrival. The results show that there are seven widely practiced SHE COP elements. 22% of the buses have average speed exceeding the maximum permissible speed on the highways (90 km/h), with 13% of the buses were travelling at the speed of more than 100 km/h. The statistical analysis shows that there is only one significant association which relates speeding with prior presence of enforcement officers. : {"references": ["M.Y. Mohd Faudzi, P. Sumangala, and R.S. Radin Umar, 2007, The\nEffectiveness of OPS Bersepadu Conducted over the Hari Raya Period\nfrom 7-21 October 2007, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Road\nSafety Research, MRR 03/2007", "A.M Abdul Rahmat, A. Aqbal Hafeez, R. Mohd Khairuddin, M. I. Mohd\nHafzi, Z. Zarir Hafiz, S. Mohd Syazwan, and R.S. Radin Umar, 2007,\nBukit Gantang Crash Investigation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute\nof Road Safety Research, MIR 04/2007(restricted report).", "Macmillan Online Dictionary, 2009.", "M. Norlen, Y. Fadhli, O. Ilhamah, Z. Zarir Hafiz, M.R. Osman, and\nS.V. Wong, 2009, An impact assessment of banning wee-hour express\nbus operation, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysian Institute of Road Safety\nResearch, MRR 10/2009.", "D. M. Keall, W. J. Frith, and T. L. Patterson, 2005, \"The contribution of\nalcohol to night time crash risk and other risks of night driving\",\nAccident Analysis and Prevention, 37: 816-824", "S. Fridulv, 1999, \"Road accidents caused by drivers falling asleep\",\nAccident Analysis and Prevention 31: 639-649", "S. Folkard, 1975, \"Diurnal variation in logical reasoning\", British\nJournal of Psychology, 66: 1-8", "W.P. Colquhoun, 1970, Aspects of Human Efficiency: Diurnal Rhythm\nand Loss of Sleep, Medical Research Council Applied Psychology Unit,\nCambridge, UK.", "J. Rutenfranz, and W.P. Colquhoun, 1979, \"Circadian rhythms in human\nperformance\", Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 5:\n167-177.\n[10] T. H. Monk, 1982, \"The arousal model of time of day effects in human\nperformance efficiency\", Chronobiologica, 9: 49-54.\n[11] J. Horne, 1992, \"Stay awake, stay alive\", New Scientist, 1802: 20-24.\n[12] M.T. Corfitsen, 1999, \"`Fatigue' among young male night-time car\ndrivers: is there a risk-taking group?\", Safety Science 33: 47-57\n[13] D. Dawson, K. McCulloch, and A. Baker, 2001, Extended Working\nHours in Australia: Counting the Costs, The Centre for Sleep Research,\nThe University of South Australia.\n[14] I. D. Brown, 1994, \"Driver fatigue\", Human Factors, 36 (2): 298-314.\n[15] H. O. Lisper, and B. Eriksson, 1980, \"Effects of the length of a rest\nbreak and food intake on subsidiary reaction-time performance in an 8-\nhour driving task\", Journal of Applied Psychology, 65: 117-122.\n[16] H. Ha\u252c\u00bfkka\u252c\u00bfnen, and H. Summala, 2001, \"Fatal traffic accidents among\ntrailer truck drivers and accident causes as viewed by other truck\ndrivers\", Accident Analysis and Prevention, 33: 187-196\n[17] E. R. Braver, E. R. Preusser, C. W. Preusser, D. F. Baum, H. M.\nBeilock, and R. Ulmer, 1992, \"Long hours and fatigue: a survey of\ntractor-trailer drivers\", Journal of Public Health Policy, 13: 341-366.\n[18] M. Chipman, and Y. L. Jin, 2009, \"Drowsy drivers: The effect of light\nand circadian rhythm on crash occurrence\", Safety Science, 47: 1364-\n1370\n[19] A. M. Williamson, A. M. Feyer, and R. Friswell, 1996, \"The impact of\nwork practices on fatigue in long distance truck drivers\", Accident\nAnalysis and Prevention, 28: 709-719.\n[20] H. W. Leibowitz, D. A. Owens, and R. A. Tyrrell, 1998, \"The assured\nclear distance ahead rule: implications for night time traffic safety and\nthe law\", Accident Analysis and Prevention. 30(1): 93-99.\n[21] M. Sivak, and M. Flannagan, 1991, \"Human factor considerations in the\ndesign of vehicle headlamps and signal lamps\". In B. Peacock & W.\nKarwosky (Eds.), Automotive ergonomics. London: Taylor & Francis.\n[22] J. Theeuwes, J. W. A. M. Alferdinck, and M. Perel, 2002, \"Relation\nbetween glare and driving performance\", Human Factors, 44(1): 95-\n107.\n[23] J. M. Sullivan, and M. J. Flannagan, 2002, \"The role of ambient light\nlevel in fatal crashes: inferences from daylight saving transitions\",\nAccident Analysis Prevention. 34: 487-498.\n[24] R. G. Mortimer, and J. C. Fell, 1989, \"Older drivers: their night fatal\ncrash involvement and risk\", Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21(3):\n273-282.\n[25] C. S. Saunders, 1997, \"Eye-opening hazards of night time driving\",\nTraffic Safety, 44-47.\n[26] G. Maycock, 1997, The safety of older car-drivers in the European\nUnion. European Road Safety Federation ERSF and AA Foundation for\nRoad Safety Research.\n[27] R. A. McFarland, and R. G. Domey, 1958, \"Experimental studies of\nnight vision as a function of age and changes in illumination\", Highway\nResolution. Board Bulletin, 191: 17-32.\n[28] B. Fildes, N. Pronk, J. Langford, M. Hull, W. Frith, and R. Anderson,\n2000, Model licence re-assessment procedure for older and disable\ndrivers, Austroads Project no. N.RS.9802.\n[29] J.L.M. Tse, R. Flin, and K. Mearns, 2006, \"Bus driver well-being\nreview: 50 years of research\", Transportation Research Part F, 9: 89-\n114\n[30] M. Bovenzi, and A. Zadini, 1992, \"Self-reported low back symptoms in\nurban bus drivers exposed to whole-body vibration\", Spine, 17: 1048-\n1059.\n[31] G. E. Hedberg, K. A. Jacobsson, U. Janlert, and S. Langendoen, 1993,\n\"Risk indicators of ischemic heart disease among male professional\ndrivers in Sweden\", Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and\nHealth, 19: 326-333.\n[32] I. Holme, A. Helgeland, I. Hjermann, P. Leren, and P. G. Lund-Larsen,\n1977, \"Coronary risk factors in various occupational groups: The Oslo\nstudy\", British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 31: 96-100.\n[33] N. Maciulyte, 2000, Bus drivers- health and conditions of work.\nSymposium conducted at the European Centre for Occupational Health,\nSafety and the Environment, Kaunas, Lithuania\n[34] B. A. Greiner, D. R. Ragland, N. Krause, and S. L. Syme, 1997,\n\"Objective measurement of occupational stress factors\u00d4\u00c7\u00f6an example\nwith San Francisco urban transit operators\", Journal of Occupational\nHealth Psychology, 2: 325-342.\n[35] T. Sommese, and J. C. Patterson, 1995, \"Acute effects of cigarette\nsmoking withdrawal: A review of the literature\", Aviation, Space &\nEnvironmental Medicine, 66: 164-167.\n[36] W. Vanlaar, H. Simpson, D. Mayhew, and R. Robertson, 2008,\n\"Fatigued and drowsy driving: A survey of attitudes, opinions and\nbehaviors\", Journal of Safety Research, 39: 303-309\n[37] S. Nordbakke, and F. Sagberg, 2007, \"Sleepy at the wheel: Knowledge,\nsymptoms and behaviour among car drivers\", Transportation Research\nPart F, 10: 1-10\n[38] D. A. Hennessy, and D. L. Wiesenthal, 1997, \"The relationship between\ntraffic congestion, driver stress and direct versus indirect coping\nbehaviours\", Ergonomics, 40: 348-361.\n[39] PACTS (1994). Press release and minutes from working party meeting\n12/1/94, U.K. Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety.\n[40] D. A. Redelmeier, and R. J. Tibshirani, 1997, \"Association between\ncellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions\", The New England\nJournal of Medicine, 336: 453-8.\n[41] A. Baruya, D. A. Lynam, and M. C. Taylor. 2000, \"The effects of\ndrivers- speed on the frequency of road accidents\", TRL Report 421,\nprepared for the Road Safety Division, DETR."]}