Spatiotemporal influences of climate and humans on muskox range dynamics over multiple millennia ...

• Main Author: Canteri, Elisabetta
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: Dryad 2022
• Subjects: FOS Biological sciences; Arctic; Climate change; Extinction dynamics; mechanistic model; megafauna; range dynamics; muskox; ovibos moschatus
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3r2280gjj; https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.3r2280gjj

Processes leading to range contractions and population declines of Arctic megafauna during the late Pleistocene and early-Holocene are uncertain, with intense debate on the roles of human hunting, climatic change, and their synergy. Obstacles to a resolution, have included an over reliance on correlative rather than process-explicit approaches for inferring drivers of distributional and demographic change. Using process-explicit macroecological models that integrate modern and fossil occurrence records, spatiotemporal reconstructions of past climatic change, speciesspecific population ecology and the growth and spread of anatomically modern humans, we disentangle the ecological mechanisms and threats that were integral in the decline and extinction of the muskox (Ovibos moschatus) in Eurasia, and in its expansion in North America. We show that accurately reconstructing inferences of past demographic changes for muskox over the last 21,000 years requires high dispersal abilities, large maximum densities, and ... : We built process-explicit macroecological models of muskox that simulate interactions between metapopulation dynamics, climate variability, and hunting by humans. We used calibrated fossils and modern occurrence records obtained from publicly available databases and published literature. Records were intersected with paleoclimate reconstructions accessed using PaleoView, and modern climate data from CRU TS v4. Niche hypervolumes and spatiotemporal projections of habitat suitability were built in R using the 'hypervolume' package. Process-explicit macroecological models were built in R using the 'poems' and 'paleopop' package. Human abundance was modelled using a Climate Informed Spatial Genetics Model (CISGeM). ...