Oscillation tomography of the Earth with solar neutrinos and future experiments

• Main Authors: Bakhti, Pouya, Smirnov, Alexei Yu.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: arXiv 2020
• Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology hep-ph; FOS Physical sciences; South Pole; Antarc*; Antarctica; South pole
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.08030; https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08030

We study in details the Earth matter effects on the boron neutrinos from the Sun using recently developed 3D models of the Earth. The models have a number of new features of the density profiles, in particular, a substantial deviation from spherical symmetry. In this connection, we further elaborate on relevant aspects of oscillations ($ε^2$ corrections, adiabaticity violation, entanglement, {\it etc.}) and the attenuation effect. The night excesses of the $νe-$ and $νN-$ events and the Day-Night asymmetries, $A_{ND}$, are presented in terms of the matter potential and the generalized energy resolution functions. The energy dependences of the cross-section and the flux improve the resolution, and consequently, sensitivity to remote structures of the profiles. The nadir angle ($η$) dependences of $A_{ND}$ are computed for future detectors DUNE, THEIA, Hyper-Kamiokande, and MICA at the South pole. Perspectives of the oscillation tomography of the Earth with the boron neutrinos are discussed. Next-generation detectors will establish the integrated day-night asymmetry with high confidence level. They can give some indications of the $η-$ dependence of the effect, but will discriminate among different models at most at the $(1 - 2)σ$ level. For high-level discrimination, the MICA-scale experiments are needed. MICA can detect the ice-soil borders and perform unique tomography of Antarctica. : 17 pages, 12 figures