GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors
The conventional definition of ground-level enhancement (GLE) events requires a detection of solar energetic particles (SEP) by at least two differently located neutron monitors. Some places are exceptionally well suitable for ground-based detection of SEP - high-elevation polar regions with negligi...
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ftdatacite:10.48550/arxiv.1711.06161 2023-05-15T13:24:28+02:00 GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors Poluianov, S. V. Usoskin, I. G. Mishev, A. L. Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06161 https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06161 unknown arXiv https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-017-1202-4 Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 CC-BY-NC-SA Space Physics physics.space-ph Solar and Stellar Astrophysics astro-ph.SR FOS Physical sciences article-journal Article ScholarlyArticle Text 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06161 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-017-1202-4 2022-04-01T10:20:29Z The conventional definition of ground-level enhancement (GLE) events requires a detection of solar energetic particles (SEP) by at least two differently located neutron monitors. Some places are exceptionally well suitable for ground-based detection of SEP - high-elevation polar regions with negligible geomagnetic and reduced atmospheric energy/rigidity cutoffs. At present, there are two neutron-monitor stations in such locations on the Antarctic plateau: SOPO/SOPB (at Amundsen-Scott station, 2835 m elevation), and DOMC/DOMB (at Concordia station, 3233 m elevation). Since 2015, when the DOMC/DOMB station started continuous operation, a relatively weak SEP event that was not detected by sea-level neutron-monitor stations was registered by both SOPO/SOPB and DOMC/DOMB, and it was accordingly classified as a GLE. This would lead to a distortion of the homogeneity of the historic GLE list and the corresponding statistics. To address this issue, we propose to modify the GLE definition so that it maintains the homogeneity: A GLE event is registered when there are near-time coincident and statistically significant enhancements of the count rates of at least two differently located neutron monitors, including at least one neutron monitor near sea level and a corresponding enhancement in the proton flux measured by a space-borne instrument(s). Relatively weak SEP events registered only by high-altitude polar neutron monitors, but with no response from cosmic-ray stations at sea level, can be classified as sub-GLEs. Text Amundsen-Scott Antarc* Antarctic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic The Antarctic Concordia Station ENVELOPE(123.333,123.333,-75.100,-75.100) Amundsen-Scott ENVELOPE(0.000,0.000,-90.000,-90.000) |
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Open Polar |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
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topic |
Space Physics physics.space-ph Solar and Stellar Astrophysics astro-ph.SR FOS Physical sciences |
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Space Physics physics.space-ph Solar and Stellar Astrophysics astro-ph.SR FOS Physical sciences Poluianov, S. V. Usoskin, I. G. Mishev, A. L. Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors |
topic_facet |
Space Physics physics.space-ph Solar and Stellar Astrophysics astro-ph.SR FOS Physical sciences |
description |
The conventional definition of ground-level enhancement (GLE) events requires a detection of solar energetic particles (SEP) by at least two differently located neutron monitors. Some places are exceptionally well suitable for ground-based detection of SEP - high-elevation polar regions with negligible geomagnetic and reduced atmospheric energy/rigidity cutoffs. At present, there are two neutron-monitor stations in such locations on the Antarctic plateau: SOPO/SOPB (at Amundsen-Scott station, 2835 m elevation), and DOMC/DOMB (at Concordia station, 3233 m elevation). Since 2015, when the DOMC/DOMB station started continuous operation, a relatively weak SEP event that was not detected by sea-level neutron-monitor stations was registered by both SOPO/SOPB and DOMC/DOMB, and it was accordingly classified as a GLE. This would lead to a distortion of the homogeneity of the historic GLE list and the corresponding statistics. To address this issue, we propose to modify the GLE definition so that it maintains the homogeneity: A GLE event is registered when there are near-time coincident and statistically significant enhancements of the count rates of at least two differently located neutron monitors, including at least one neutron monitor near sea level and a corresponding enhancement in the proton flux measured by a space-borne instrument(s). Relatively weak SEP events registered only by high-altitude polar neutron monitors, but with no response from cosmic-ray stations at sea level, can be classified as sub-GLEs. |
format |
Text |
author |
Poluianov, S. V. Usoskin, I. G. Mishev, A. L. Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. |
author_facet |
Poluianov, S. V. Usoskin, I. G. Mishev, A. L. Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. |
author_sort |
Poluianov, S. V. |
title |
GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors |
title_short |
GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors |
title_full |
GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors |
title_fullStr |
GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors |
title_full_unstemmed |
GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors |
title_sort |
gle and sub-gle redefinition in the light of high-altitude polar neutron monitors |
publisher |
arXiv |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06161 https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06161 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(123.333,123.333,-75.100,-75.100) ENVELOPE(0.000,0.000,-90.000,-90.000) |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Concordia Station Amundsen-Scott |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Concordia Station Amundsen-Scott |
genre |
Amundsen-Scott Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Amundsen-Scott Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-017-1202-4 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-SA |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06161 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-017-1202-4 |
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