Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments
The primary science goal of the NASA-sponsored ANITA project is measurement of ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays, observed via radio-frequency signals resulting from a neutrino- or cosmic ray- interaction with terrestrial matter (atmospheric or ice molecules, e.g.). Accurate inference of t...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00415 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00415 |
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ftdatacite:10.48550/arxiv.1703.00415 2023-05-15T13:38:42+02:00 Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments Gorham, P. W. Allison, P. Banerjee, O. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Bugaev, V. Cao, P. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dailey, B. Dasgupta, P. Deaconu, C. Cremonesi, L. Dowkontt, P. F. Fox, B. D. Gordon, J. Hill, B. Hupe, R. Israel, M. H. Jain, P. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. Learned, J. G. Liewer, K. M. Liu, T. C. Matsuno, S. Miki, C. Mottram, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R. J. Novikov, A. Oberla, E. Prohira, S. Rauch, B. F. Romero-Wolf, A. Rotter, B. Ratzlaff, K. Russell, J. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Schoorlemmer, H. Stafford, S. Stockham, J. Stockham, M. Strutt, B. Tatem, K. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. Wissel, S. A. Wu, F. Young, R. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00415 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00415 unknown arXiv arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics astro-ph.IM High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena astro-ph.HE FOS Physical sciences Preprint Article article CreativeWork 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00415 2022-04-01T10:53:31Z The primary science goal of the NASA-sponsored ANITA project is measurement of ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays, observed via radio-frequency signals resulting from a neutrino- or cosmic ray- interaction with terrestrial matter (atmospheric or ice molecules, e.g.). Accurate inference of the energies of these cosmic rays requires understanding the transmission/reflection of radio wave signals across the ice-air boundary. Satellite-based measurements of Antarctic surface reflectivity, using a co-located transmitter and receiver, have been performed more-or-less continuously for the last few decades. Satellite-based reflectivity surveys, at frequencies ranging from 2--45 GHz and at near-normal incidence, yield generally consistent reflectivity maps across Antarctica. Using the Sun as an RF source, and the ANITA-3 balloon borne radio-frequency antenna array as the RF receiver, we have also measured the surface reflectivity over the interval 200-1000 MHz, at elevation angles of 12-30 degrees, finding agreement with the Fresnel equations within systematic errors. To probe low incidence angles, inaccessible to the Antarctic Solar technique and not probed by previous satellite surveys, a novel experimental approach ("HiCal-1") was devised. Unlike previous measurements, HiCal-ANITA constitute a bi-static transmitter-receiver pair separated by hundreds of kilometers. Data taken with HiCal, between 200--600 MHz shows a significant departure from the Fresnel equations, constant with frequency over that band, with the deficit increasing with obliquity of incidence, which we attribute to the combined effects of possible surface roughness, surface grain effects, radar clutter and/or shadowing of the reflection zone due to Earth curvature effects. : updated to match publication version Report Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic The Antarctic |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics astro-ph.IM High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena astro-ph.HE FOS Physical sciences |
spellingShingle |
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics astro-ph.IM High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena astro-ph.HE FOS Physical sciences Gorham, P. W. Allison, P. Banerjee, O. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Bugaev, V. Cao, P. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dailey, B. Dasgupta, P. Deaconu, C. Cremonesi, L. Dowkontt, P. F. Fox, B. D. Gordon, J. Hill, B. Hupe, R. Israel, M. H. Jain, P. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. Learned, J. G. Liewer, K. M. Liu, T. C. Matsuno, S. Miki, C. Mottram, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R. J. Novikov, A. Oberla, E. Prohira, S. Rauch, B. F. Romero-Wolf, A. Rotter, B. Ratzlaff, K. Russell, J. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Schoorlemmer, H. Stafford, S. Stockham, J. Stockham, M. Strutt, B. Tatem, K. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. Wissel, S. A. Wu, F. Young, R. Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments |
topic_facet |
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics astro-ph.IM High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena astro-ph.HE FOS Physical sciences |
description |
The primary science goal of the NASA-sponsored ANITA project is measurement of ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays, observed via radio-frequency signals resulting from a neutrino- or cosmic ray- interaction with terrestrial matter (atmospheric or ice molecules, e.g.). Accurate inference of the energies of these cosmic rays requires understanding the transmission/reflection of radio wave signals across the ice-air boundary. Satellite-based measurements of Antarctic surface reflectivity, using a co-located transmitter and receiver, have been performed more-or-less continuously for the last few decades. Satellite-based reflectivity surveys, at frequencies ranging from 2--45 GHz and at near-normal incidence, yield generally consistent reflectivity maps across Antarctica. Using the Sun as an RF source, and the ANITA-3 balloon borne radio-frequency antenna array as the RF receiver, we have also measured the surface reflectivity over the interval 200-1000 MHz, at elevation angles of 12-30 degrees, finding agreement with the Fresnel equations within systematic errors. To probe low incidence angles, inaccessible to the Antarctic Solar technique and not probed by previous satellite surveys, a novel experimental approach ("HiCal-1") was devised. Unlike previous measurements, HiCal-ANITA constitute a bi-static transmitter-receiver pair separated by hundreds of kilometers. Data taken with HiCal, between 200--600 MHz shows a significant departure from the Fresnel equations, constant with frequency over that band, with the deficit increasing with obliquity of incidence, which we attribute to the combined effects of possible surface roughness, surface grain effects, radar clutter and/or shadowing of the reflection zone due to Earth curvature effects. : updated to match publication version |
format |
Report |
author |
Gorham, P. W. Allison, P. Banerjee, O. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Bugaev, V. Cao, P. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dailey, B. Dasgupta, P. Deaconu, C. Cremonesi, L. Dowkontt, P. F. Fox, B. D. Gordon, J. Hill, B. Hupe, R. Israel, M. H. Jain, P. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. Learned, J. G. Liewer, K. M. Liu, T. C. Matsuno, S. Miki, C. Mottram, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R. J. Novikov, A. Oberla, E. Prohira, S. Rauch, B. F. Romero-Wolf, A. Rotter, B. Ratzlaff, K. Russell, J. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Schoorlemmer, H. Stafford, S. Stockham, J. Stockham, M. Strutt, B. Tatem, K. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. Wissel, S. A. Wu, F. Young, R. |
author_facet |
Gorham, P. W. Allison, P. Banerjee, O. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Bugaev, V. Cao, P. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dailey, B. Dasgupta, P. Deaconu, C. Cremonesi, L. Dowkontt, P. F. Fox, B. D. Gordon, J. Hill, B. Hupe, R. Israel, M. H. Jain, P. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. Learned, J. G. Liewer, K. M. Liu, T. C. Matsuno, S. Miki, C. Mottram, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R. J. Novikov, A. Oberla, E. Prohira, S. Rauch, B. F. Romero-Wolf, A. Rotter, B. Ratzlaff, K. Russell, J. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Schoorlemmer, H. Stafford, S. Stockham, J. Stockham, M. Strutt, B. Tatem, K. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. Wissel, S. A. Wu, F. Young, R. |
author_sort |
Gorham, P. W. |
title |
Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments |
title_short |
Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments |
title_full |
Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments |
title_fullStr |
Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments |
title_sort |
antarctic surface reflectivity measurements from the anita-3 and hical-1 experiments |
publisher |
arXiv |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00415 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00415 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_rights |
arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00415 |
_version_ |
1766109997247234048 |