Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens
Brinicles are hollow tubes of ice from centimetres to metres in length that form under floating sea ice in the polar oceans when dense, cold brine drains downwards from sea ice into sea water close to its freezing point. When this extremely cold brine leaves the ice it freezes the water it comes int...
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ftdatacite:10.48550/arxiv.1304.1774 2023-05-15T18:17:48+02:00 Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens Cartwright, Julyan H. E. Escribano, Bruno González, Diego L. Sainz-Díaz, C. Ignacio Tuval, Idan 2013 https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.1774 https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1774 unknown arXiv https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la4009703 arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems nlin.AO Soft Condensed Matter cond-mat.soft Geophysics physics.geo-ph FOS Physical sciences article-journal Article ScholarlyArticle Text 2013 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.1774 https://doi.org/10.1021/la4009703 2022-04-01T13:23:02Z Brinicles are hollow tubes of ice from centimetres to metres in length that form under floating sea ice in the polar oceans when dense, cold brine drains downwards from sea ice into sea water close to its freezing point. When this extremely cold brine leaves the ice it freezes the water it comes into contact with; a hollow tube of ice --- a brinicle --- growing downwards around the plume of descending brine. We show that brinicles can be understood as a form of the self-assembled tubular precipitation structures termed chemical gardens, plant-like structures formed on placing together a soluble metal salt, often in the form of a seed crystal, and an aqueous solution of one of many anions, often silicate. On one hand, in the case of classical chemical gardens, an osmotic pressure difference across a semipermeable precipitation membrane that filters solutions by rejecting the solute leads to an inflow of water and to its rupture. The internal solution, generally being lighter than the external solution, flows up through the break, and as it does so a tube grows upwards by precipitation around the jet of internal solution. Such chemical-garden tubes can grow to many centimetres in length. In the case of brinicles, on the other hand, in floating sea ice we have porous ice in a mushy layer that filters out water, by freezing it, and allows concentrated brine through. Again there is an osmotic pressure difference leading to a continuing ingress of sea water in a siphon pump mechanism that is sustained as long as the ice continues to freeze. Since the brine that is pumped out is denser than the sea water, and descends rather rises, a brinicle is a downwards growing tube of ice; an inverse chemical garden. Text Sea ice DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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topic |
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems nlin.AO Soft Condensed Matter cond-mat.soft Geophysics physics.geo-ph FOS Physical sciences |
spellingShingle |
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems nlin.AO Soft Condensed Matter cond-mat.soft Geophysics physics.geo-ph FOS Physical sciences Cartwright, Julyan H. E. Escribano, Bruno González, Diego L. Sainz-Díaz, C. Ignacio Tuval, Idan Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
topic_facet |
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems nlin.AO Soft Condensed Matter cond-mat.soft Geophysics physics.geo-ph FOS Physical sciences |
description |
Brinicles are hollow tubes of ice from centimetres to metres in length that form under floating sea ice in the polar oceans when dense, cold brine drains downwards from sea ice into sea water close to its freezing point. When this extremely cold brine leaves the ice it freezes the water it comes into contact with; a hollow tube of ice --- a brinicle --- growing downwards around the plume of descending brine. We show that brinicles can be understood as a form of the self-assembled tubular precipitation structures termed chemical gardens, plant-like structures formed on placing together a soluble metal salt, often in the form of a seed crystal, and an aqueous solution of one of many anions, often silicate. On one hand, in the case of classical chemical gardens, an osmotic pressure difference across a semipermeable precipitation membrane that filters solutions by rejecting the solute leads to an inflow of water and to its rupture. The internal solution, generally being lighter than the external solution, flows up through the break, and as it does so a tube grows upwards by precipitation around the jet of internal solution. Such chemical-garden tubes can grow to many centimetres in length. In the case of brinicles, on the other hand, in floating sea ice we have porous ice in a mushy layer that filters out water, by freezing it, and allows concentrated brine through. Again there is an osmotic pressure difference leading to a continuing ingress of sea water in a siphon pump mechanism that is sustained as long as the ice continues to freeze. Since the brine that is pumped out is denser than the sea water, and descends rather rises, a brinicle is a downwards growing tube of ice; an inverse chemical garden. |
format |
Text |
author |
Cartwright, Julyan H. E. Escribano, Bruno González, Diego L. Sainz-Díaz, C. Ignacio Tuval, Idan |
author_facet |
Cartwright, Julyan H. E. Escribano, Bruno González, Diego L. Sainz-Díaz, C. Ignacio Tuval, Idan |
author_sort |
Cartwright, Julyan H. E. |
title |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_short |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_full |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_fullStr |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_full_unstemmed |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_sort |
brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
publisher |
arXiv |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.1774 https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1774 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la4009703 |
op_rights |
arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.1774 https://doi.org/10.1021/la4009703 |
_version_ |
1766193099191615488 |