Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide
The emission of dimethyl-sulphide (DMS) gas by phytoplankton and the subsequent formation of aerosol has long been suggested as an important climate regulation mechanism. The key aerosol quantity is the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but until recently global models did not...
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ftdatacite:10.3929/ethz-b-000159120 2023-05-15T18:26:02+02:00 Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide Woodhouse, M.T. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Mann, Graham W. Vallina, Sergio M. Vogt, Meike Halloran, Paul R. Boucher, O. 2010 application/pdf https://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000159120 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/159120 en eng ETH Zurich info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode cc-by-3.0 CC-BY Text article-journal Journal Article ScholarlyArticle 2010 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000159120 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The emission of dimethyl-sulphide (DMS) gas by phytoplankton and the subsequent formation of aerosol has long been suggested as an important climate regulation mechanism. The key aerosol quantity is the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but until recently global models did not include the necessary aerosol physics to quantify CCN. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model to calculate the sensitivity of CCN to changes in DMS emission using multiple present-day and future sea-surface DMS climatologies. Calculated annual fluxes of DMS to the atmosphere for the five model-derived and one observations based present day climatologies are in the range 15.1 to 32.3 Tg a−1 sulphur. The impact of DMS climatology on surface level CCN concentrations was calculated in terms of summer and winter hemispheric mean values of ΔCCN/ΔFluxDMS, which varied between −43 and +166 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur), with a mean of 63 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur). The range is due to CCN production in the atmosphere being strongly dependent on the spatial distribution of the emitted DMS. The relative sensitivity of CCN to DMS (i.e. fractional change in CCN divided by fractional change in DMS flux) depends on the abundance of non-DMS derived aerosol in each hemisphere. The relative sensitivity averaged over the five present day DMS climatologies is estimated to be 0.02 in the northern hemisphere (i.e. a 0.02% change in CCN for a 1% change in DMS) and 0.07 in the southern hemisphere where aerosol abundance is lower. In a globally warmed scenario in which the DMS flux increases by ~1% relative to present day we estimate a ~0.1% increase in global mean CCN at the surface. The largest CCN response occurs in the Southern Ocean, contributing to a Southern Hemisphere mean annual increase of less than 0.2%. We show that the changes in DMS flux and CCN concentration between the present day and global warming scenario are similar to interannual differences due to variability in windspeed. In summary, although DMS makes a significant contribution to global marine CCN concentrations, the sensitivity of CCN to potential future changes in DMS flux is very low. This finding, together with the predicted small changes in future seawater DMS concentrations, suggests that the role of DMS in climate regulation is very weak. : Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10 (16) : ISSN:1680-7375 : ISSN:1680-7367 Text Southern Ocean DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Southern Ocean |
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English |
description |
The emission of dimethyl-sulphide (DMS) gas by phytoplankton and the subsequent formation of aerosol has long been suggested as an important climate regulation mechanism. The key aerosol quantity is the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but until recently global models did not include the necessary aerosol physics to quantify CCN. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model to calculate the sensitivity of CCN to changes in DMS emission using multiple present-day and future sea-surface DMS climatologies. Calculated annual fluxes of DMS to the atmosphere for the five model-derived and one observations based present day climatologies are in the range 15.1 to 32.3 Tg a−1 sulphur. The impact of DMS climatology on surface level CCN concentrations was calculated in terms of summer and winter hemispheric mean values of ΔCCN/ΔFluxDMS, which varied between −43 and +166 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur), with a mean of 63 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur). The range is due to CCN production in the atmosphere being strongly dependent on the spatial distribution of the emitted DMS. The relative sensitivity of CCN to DMS (i.e. fractional change in CCN divided by fractional change in DMS flux) depends on the abundance of non-DMS derived aerosol in each hemisphere. The relative sensitivity averaged over the five present day DMS climatologies is estimated to be 0.02 in the northern hemisphere (i.e. a 0.02% change in CCN for a 1% change in DMS) and 0.07 in the southern hemisphere where aerosol abundance is lower. In a globally warmed scenario in which the DMS flux increases by ~1% relative to present day we estimate a ~0.1% increase in global mean CCN at the surface. The largest CCN response occurs in the Southern Ocean, contributing to a Southern Hemisphere mean annual increase of less than 0.2%. We show that the changes in DMS flux and CCN concentration between the present day and global warming scenario are similar to interannual differences due to variability in windspeed. In summary, although DMS makes a significant contribution to global marine CCN concentrations, the sensitivity of CCN to potential future changes in DMS flux is very low. This finding, together with the predicted small changes in future seawater DMS concentrations, suggests that the role of DMS in climate regulation is very weak. : Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10 (16) : ISSN:1680-7375 : ISSN:1680-7367 |
format |
Text |
author |
Woodhouse, M.T. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Mann, Graham W. Vallina, Sergio M. Vogt, Meike Halloran, Paul R. Boucher, O. |
spellingShingle |
Woodhouse, M.T. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Mann, Graham W. Vallina, Sergio M. Vogt, Meike Halloran, Paul R. Boucher, O. Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
author_facet |
Woodhouse, M.T. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Mann, Graham W. Vallina, Sergio M. Vogt, Meike Halloran, Paul R. Boucher, O. |
author_sort |
Woodhouse, M.T. |
title |
Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
title_short |
Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
title_full |
Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
title_fullStr |
Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
title_full_unstemmed |
Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
title_sort |
low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide |
publisher |
ETH Zurich |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000159120 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/159120 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode cc-by-3.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000159120 |
_version_ |
1766207840694829056 |