A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core
The polar and subtropical jet streams are strong upper-level winds with a crucial influence on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. In particular, the polar jet is located between cold arctic air to the north and warmer subtropical air to the south. Strongly meandering states the...
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2017
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ftdatacite:10.34657/143 2023-05-15T15:14:36+02:00 A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core Molnos, Sonja Mamdouh, Tarek Petri, Stefan Nocke, Thomas Weinkauf, Tino Coumou, Dim 2017 application/pdf https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/143 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/3826 unknown München : European Geopyhsical Union Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported CC BY 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode cc-by-3.0 CC-BY 500 CreativeWork article Other 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.34657/143 2022-03-10T12:42:45Z The polar and subtropical jet streams are strong upper-level winds with a crucial influence on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. In particular, the polar jet is located between cold arctic air to the north and warmer subtropical air to the south. Strongly meandering states therefore often lead to extreme surface weather. Some algorithms exist which can detect the 2-D (latitude and longitude) jets’ core around the hemisphere, but all of them use a minimal threshold to determine the subtropical and polar jet stream. This is particularly problematic for the polar jet stream, whose wind velocities can change rapidly from very weak to very high values and vice versa. We develop a network-based scheme using Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm to detect the polar and subtropical jet stream core. This algorithm not only considers the commonly used wind strength for core detection but also takes wind direction and climatological latitudinal position into account. Furthermore, it distinguishes between polar and subtropical jet, and between separate and merged jet states. The parameter values of the detection scheme are optimized using simulated annealing and a skill function that accounts for the zonal-mean jet stream position (Rikus, 2015). After the successful optimization process, we apply our scheme to reanalysis data covering 1979–2015 and calculate seasonal-mean probabilistic maps and trends in wind strength and position of jet streams. We present longitudinally defined probability distributions of the positions for both jets for all on the Northern Hemisphere seasons. This shows that winter is characterized by two well-separated jets over Europe and Asia (ca. 20Wto 140 E). In contrast, summer normally has a single merged jet over the western hemisphere but can have both merged and separated jet states in the eastern hemisphere. With this algorithm it is possible to investigate the position of the jets’ cores around the hemisphere and it is therefore very suitable to analyze jet stream patterns in observations and models, enabling more advanced model-validation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic |
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500 Molnos, Sonja Mamdouh, Tarek Petri, Stefan Nocke, Thomas Weinkauf, Tino Coumou, Dim A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
topic_facet |
500 |
description |
The polar and subtropical jet streams are strong upper-level winds with a crucial influence on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. In particular, the polar jet is located between cold arctic air to the north and warmer subtropical air to the south. Strongly meandering states therefore often lead to extreme surface weather. Some algorithms exist which can detect the 2-D (latitude and longitude) jets’ core around the hemisphere, but all of them use a minimal threshold to determine the subtropical and polar jet stream. This is particularly problematic for the polar jet stream, whose wind velocities can change rapidly from very weak to very high values and vice versa. We develop a network-based scheme using Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm to detect the polar and subtropical jet stream core. This algorithm not only considers the commonly used wind strength for core detection but also takes wind direction and climatological latitudinal position into account. Furthermore, it distinguishes between polar and subtropical jet, and between separate and merged jet states. The parameter values of the detection scheme are optimized using simulated annealing and a skill function that accounts for the zonal-mean jet stream position (Rikus, 2015). After the successful optimization process, we apply our scheme to reanalysis data covering 1979–2015 and calculate seasonal-mean probabilistic maps and trends in wind strength and position of jet streams. We present longitudinally defined probability distributions of the positions for both jets for all on the Northern Hemisphere seasons. This shows that winter is characterized by two well-separated jets over Europe and Asia (ca. 20Wto 140 E). In contrast, summer normally has a single merged jet over the western hemisphere but can have both merged and separated jet states in the eastern hemisphere. With this algorithm it is possible to investigate the position of the jets’ cores around the hemisphere and it is therefore very suitable to analyze jet stream patterns in observations and models, enabling more advanced model-validation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Molnos, Sonja Mamdouh, Tarek Petri, Stefan Nocke, Thomas Weinkauf, Tino Coumou, Dim |
author_facet |
Molnos, Sonja Mamdouh, Tarek Petri, Stefan Nocke, Thomas Weinkauf, Tino Coumou, Dim |
author_sort |
Molnos, Sonja |
title |
A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
title_short |
A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
title_full |
A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
title_fullStr |
A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
title_full_unstemmed |
A network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
title_sort |
network-based detection scheme for the jet stream core |
publisher |
München : European Geopyhsical Union |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/143 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/3826 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported CC BY 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode cc-by-3.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.34657/143 |
_version_ |
1766345032743256064 |