Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a global disease that has major effects on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. AGD is caused by the facultative marine amoeba, Neoparamoeba perurans. The disease first appeared in farmed salmon in Washington and in Tasmania in the mid-1980s. Since then, AGD has become a cosmop...
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ftdatacite:10.25959/100.00031943 2023-05-15T15:33:05+02:00 Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease Johnson-Mackinnon, JC 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.25959/100.00031943 https://eprints.utas.edu.au/id/eprint/31943 unknown University of Tasmania Text Thesis article-journal ScholarlyArticle 2019 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.25959/100.00031943 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a global disease that has major effects on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. AGD is caused by the facultative marine amoeba, Neoparamoeba perurans. The disease first appeared in farmed salmon in Washington and in Tasmania in the mid-1980s. Since then, AGD has become a cosmopolitan problem with an increasing mortality and economic impact. Outbreaks of AGD have been reported in thirteen countries across six continents. Even where gross pathology is not evident, there is PCR evidence that N. perurans is present on salmon gills in other geographic regions, thus creating the potential for further outbreaks. This research aimed at understanding the relationship between geographically diverse amoeba populations isolated from the gill of infected salmon, the parasite and the environment. This improved understanding of these relationships could help inform industry decisions associated with management of AGD associated risks. With respect to understanding the geographical relationships, PCR-based typing methods were used to compare samples obtained from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, Norway, and the United States of America (Chapter 2 and 3). Sequences of highly conserved genes were compared using Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (Chapter 2), to create a dendrogram showing the relationships between samples. The analysis resolved low-level differences between samples. Building upon these analysis (Chapter 2), the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used (Chapter 3) to help elucidate the extent of the genetic differences that were observed (Chapter 2). RAPD allowed for a better understanding of the total genetic differences contained within the isolate genomes. The analysis showed high polymorphisms between samples. Though N. perurans is a ubiquitous organism, the apparent population differences (Chapter 2 and 3) may indicate the existence of localized populations not associated with fish. Two methods were utilized to investigate the presence of N. perurans within benthic sediments (Chapter 4). These methods were further applied at two locations (Canada and Tasmania) containing commercial farms. N. perurans was present in the sediment at both locations indicating the potential of sediment as a reservoir. Finally, Chapter 5 concludes the findings of this research and relates them to the current knowledge of the N. perurans, its role in the environment and potential for risk management. Thesis Atlantic salmon DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Canada Norway |
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Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a global disease that has major effects on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. AGD is caused by the facultative marine amoeba, Neoparamoeba perurans. The disease first appeared in farmed salmon in Washington and in Tasmania in the mid-1980s. Since then, AGD has become a cosmopolitan problem with an increasing mortality and economic impact. Outbreaks of AGD have been reported in thirteen countries across six continents. Even where gross pathology is not evident, there is PCR evidence that N. perurans is present on salmon gills in other geographic regions, thus creating the potential for further outbreaks. This research aimed at understanding the relationship between geographically diverse amoeba populations isolated from the gill of infected salmon, the parasite and the environment. This improved understanding of these relationships could help inform industry decisions associated with management of AGD associated risks. With respect to understanding the geographical relationships, PCR-based typing methods were used to compare samples obtained from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, Norway, and the United States of America (Chapter 2 and 3). Sequences of highly conserved genes were compared using Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (Chapter 2), to create a dendrogram showing the relationships between samples. The analysis resolved low-level differences between samples. Building upon these analysis (Chapter 2), the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used (Chapter 3) to help elucidate the extent of the genetic differences that were observed (Chapter 2). RAPD allowed for a better understanding of the total genetic differences contained within the isolate genomes. The analysis showed high polymorphisms between samples. Though N. perurans is a ubiquitous organism, the apparent population differences (Chapter 2 and 3) may indicate the existence of localized populations not associated with fish. Two methods were utilized to investigate the presence of N. perurans within benthic sediments (Chapter 4). These methods were further applied at two locations (Canada and Tasmania) containing commercial farms. N. perurans was present in the sediment at both locations indicating the potential of sediment as a reservoir. Finally, Chapter 5 concludes the findings of this research and relates them to the current knowledge of the N. perurans, its role in the environment and potential for risk management. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Johnson-Mackinnon, JC |
spellingShingle |
Johnson-Mackinnon, JC Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
author_facet |
Johnson-Mackinnon, JC |
author_sort |
Johnson-Mackinnon, JC |
title |
Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
title_short |
Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
title_full |
Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
title_fullStr |
Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geographic characterization and environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
title_sort |
geographic characterization and environmental detection of neoparamoeba perurans the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
publisher |
University of Tasmania |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.25959/100.00031943 https://eprints.utas.edu.au/id/eprint/31943 |
geographic |
Canada Norway |
geographic_facet |
Canada Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.25959/100.00031943 |
_version_ |
1766363549079175168 |