Data from: Temporal variation in trophic relationships among three congeneric penguin species breeding in sympatry, Tarroux et al. 2018, Ecology & Evolution.

• Main Authors: Tarroux, Arnaud, Lydersen, Christian, Trathan, Philip N, Kovacs, Kit M.
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: npolar.no 2018
• Subjects: Austral; Powell Island; South Orkney Islands; Antarc*; Antarctica; Pygoscelis adeliae
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.21334/npolar.2018.5aadb005; https://data.npolar.no/dataset/5aadb005-a5ca-4342-9df4-6f780c225e00

Stable isotope data (carabon and nitrogen) from pygoscelid penguins tissues collected at Powell Island, South Orkney Islands. Penguins are a monophyletic group in which many species are found breeding sympatrically, raising questions regarding how these species coexist successfully. Here, the isotopic niche of three sympatric pygoscelid penguin species was investigated at Powell Island, South Orkney Islands, during two breeding seasons (austral summers 2013-14, 2015-16). Measurements of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios were obtained from blood (adults) or feather (chicks) samples collected from Adélie Pygoscelis adeliae, chinstrap P. antarctica, and gentoo P. papua penguins. Isotopic niche regions (a proxy for the realized trophic niches) were computed to provide estimates of the trophic niche width of the studied species during the breeding season. The isotopic niche regions of adults of all three species were similar but gentoo chicks had noticeably wider isotopic niches than the chicks of the other two species. Moderate to strong overlap in isotopic niche among species was found during each breeding season and for both age groups, suggesting that the potential for competition for shared food sources was similar during the two study years, although the actual level of competition could not be determined owing to the lack of data on resource abundance. Clear interannual shifts in isotopic niche were seen in all three species, though of lower amplitude for adult chinstrap penguins. These shifts were due to variation in carbon, but not nitrogen, isotopic ratios, which could indicate either a change in isotopic signature of their prey or a switch to an alternative food web. The main conclusions of this study are that i) there is a partial overlap in the isotopic niches of these three congeneric species and that ii) they responded similarly to changes that likely occurred at the base of their food chain between the two years of the study.