Seawater carbonate chemistry and reproduction of fish

• Main Authors: Nagelkerken, Ivan, Alemany, Tiphaine, Anquetin, Julie M, Ferreira, Camilo M, Ludwig, Kim E, Sasaki, Minami, Connell, Sean D
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2021
• Subjects: Animalia; Behaviour; Chordata; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Field observation; Forsterygion lapillum; Growth/Morphology; Nekton; Notoclinops segmentatus; Notoclinops yaldwyni; Other studied parameter or process; Parablennius laticlavius; Pelagos; Reproduction; FOS Medical biotechnology; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate; Type; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Figure; Treatment; Site; Experiment; Male; Size; Sex; Gonad mass, per size; Liver mass, per size; Protein; RNA/DNA ratio; Antioxidant capacity, per protein mass; Malondialdehyde, per protein mass; Number of prey; Foraging rate; Stomach mass, per size; Attack rate; Growth; Individuals; Mass; Gastropoda, mass; Fish; pH; Temperature, water; pH, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Aragonite saturation state; Calcite saturation state; Potentiometric; Calculated using CO2SYS; Potentiometric titration; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Pacific; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.930727; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.930727

Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO2 vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO2 on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO2 vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO2 were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2021-04-19.