Seawater carbonate chemistry and acid-base physiology, skeleton properties, and metal contamination in two echinoderms

• Main Authors: Di Giglio, Sarah, Agüera, Antonio, Pernet, Philippe, M'Zoudi, Saloua, Angulo-Preckler, Carlos, Avila, Conxita, Dubois, Philippe
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2020
• Subjects: Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Antarctic; Benthic animals; Benthos; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Odontaster validus; Other metabolic rates; Other studied parameter or process; Polar; Single species; Sterechinus neumayeri; Type; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Site; Coelomic fluid, pH; pH, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, alkalinity; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Arm length; Arm length, standard deviation; Length; Length, standard deviation; Height; Height, standard deviation; Second moment of area; Second moment of area, standard deviation; Characteristic stress; Confidence interval; Weibull modulus; Force; Young's modulus; Cadmium; Cadmium, standard deviation; Copper; Copper, standard deviation; Iron; Iron, standard deviation; Lead; Lead, standard deviation; Zinc; Zinc, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; pH; Alkalinity, total; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. 2018; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; The Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Deception Island; Antarc*; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.929722; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.929722

Antarctic surface waters are expected to be the first to experience severe ocean acidification (OA) with carbonate undersaturation and large decreases in pH forecasted before the end of this century. Due to the long stability in environmental conditions and the relatively low daily and seasonal variations to which they are exposed, Antarctic marine organisms, especially those with a supposedly poor machinery to eliminate CO2 and protons and with a heavily calcified skeleton like echinoderms, are hypothesized as highly vulnerable to these environmental shifts. The opportunities offered by the natural pH gradient generated by vent activities in Deception Island caldera, Western Antarctic Peninsula, were used to investigate for the first time the acid-base physiologies, the impact of OA on the skeleton and the impact of pH on metal accumulation in the Antarctic sea star Odontaster validus and sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The two species were sampled in four stations within the caldera, two at pH (total scale) 8.0- 8.1 and two at reduced pH 7.8. Measured variables were pH, alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon of the coelomic fluid; characteristic fracture force, stress and Young's modulus using Weibull statistics and Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations in the integument, gonads and digestive system. Recorded acid-base characteristics of both studied species fit in the general picture deduced from temperate and tropical sea stars and sea urchins but conditions and possibly confounding factors, principally food availability and quality, in the studied stations prevented definitive conclusions. Reduced seawater pH 7.8 and metals had almost no impact on the skeleton mechanical properties of the two investigated species despite very high Cd concentrations in O. validus integument. Reduced pH was correlated to increased contamination by most metals but this relation was weak. Translocation and caging experiments taking into account food parameters are proposed to better understand future processes linked to ocean acidification and metal contamination in Antarctic echinoderms. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2021-03-23.