Seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon assimilation of marine calcifiers

• Main Authors: Nishida, Kozue, Chew, Yue Chin, Miyairi, Yosuke, Hirabayashi, S, Suzuki, Atsushi, Hayashi, Masahiro, Yamamoto, Yuzo, Sato, Mizuho, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Yokoyama, Yusuke
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2020
• Subjects: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Other studied parameter or process; Scapharca broughtonii; Single species; Temperate; Type; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Experiment duration; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Δ14C; Δ14C, standard deviation; δ14C; δ14C, standard deviation; Activity of radiocarbon in percent of modern carbon; Activity of radiocarbon in percent of modern carbon, standard deviation; Specimen identification; Date; Sample ID; δ13C; δ15N; δ14N; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; pH; pH, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Aragonite saturation state; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2calc; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. 2018; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Pacific; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.925290; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.925290

Ocean acidification by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is projected to depress metabolic and physiological activity in marine calcifiers. To evaluate the sensitivity of marine organisms against ocean acidification, the assimilation of nutrients into carbonate shells and soft tissues must be examined. We designed a novel experimental protocol, reverse radioisotope labelling, to trace partitioning of nutrients within a single bivalve species under ocean acidification conditions. Injecting CO2 gas, free from radiocarbon, can provide a large contrast between carbon dissolved in the water and the one assimilated from atmosphere. By culturing modern aquifer organisms in acidified seawater, we were able to determine differences in the relative contributions of the end members, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater and metabolic CO2, to shell carbonate and soft tissues. Under all pCO2 conditions (463, 653, 872, 1,137 and 1,337 μatm), radiocarbon (Δ14C) values of the bivalve Scapharca broughtonii shell were significantly correlated with seawater DIC values; therefore, shell carbonate was derived principally from seawater DIC. The Δ14C results together with stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data suggest that in S. broughtonii shell δ13C may reflect the kinetics of isotopic equilibration as well as end‐member contributions; thus, care must be taken when analysing end‐member contributions by a previous method using δ13C. The insensitivity of S. broughtonii to perturbations in pCO2 up to at least 1,337 µatm indicates that this species can withstand ocean acidification. Usage of radioisotope to dope for tracer experiments requires strict rules to conduct any operations. Yet, reverse radioisotope labelling proposing in this study has a large advantage and is a powerful tool to understanding physiology of aquifer organisms that can be applicable to various organisms and culture experiments, such as temperature, salinity and acidification experiments, to improve understanding of the proportions of nutrients taken in by marine organisms under changing environments. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2020) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-11-30.