Seawater carbonate chemistry and bioenergetics of developing eggs of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus

• Main Authors: Leo, Elettra, Dahlke, Flemming, Storch, Daniela, Pörtner, Hans-Otto, Mark, Felix Christopher
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2018
• Subjects: Animalia; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Chordata; Clupea harengus; Coast and continental shelf; Development; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Reproduction; FOS Medical biotechnology; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Temperature; Type; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Identification; Temperature, water; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Electron transport system capacity, maximum per egg; Enzymatic Complex I, capacity per egg; Enzymatic Complex II, capacity per egg; Enzymatic Complex I, relative contribution; Enzymatic Complex II, relative contribution; Fertilization success rate; Egg hatching success; Larval deformity rate; Hatching time; Oxygen consumption per individual; Hatchling length; Experiment duration; Salinity; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Oxygen saturation; Oxygen saturation, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.921192; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921192

Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is a benthic spawner, therefore its eggs are prone to encounter different water conditions during embryonic development, with bottom waters often depleted of oxygen and enriched in CO2. Some Atlantic herring spawning grounds are predicted to be highly affected by ongoing Ocean Acidification and Warming with water temperature increasing by up to +3°C and CO2 levels reaching ca. 1000 μatm (RCP 8.5). Although many studies investigated the effects of high levels of CO2 on the embryonic development of Atlantic herring, little is known about the combination of temperature and ecologically relevant levels of CO2. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on embryonic metabolic and developmental performance such as mitochondrial function, respiration, hatching success (HS) and growth in Atlantic herring from the Oslo Fjord, one of the spawning grounds predicted to be greatly affected by climate change. Fertilized eggs were incubated under combinations of two PCO2 conditions (400 μatm and 1100 μatm) and three temperatures (6, 10 and 14°C), which correspond to current and end-of-the-century conditions. We analysed HS, oxygen consumption (MO2) and mitochondrial function of embryos as well as larval length at hatch. The capacity of the electron transport system (ETS) increased with temperature, reaching a plateau at 14°C, where the contribution of Complex I to the ETS declined in favour of Complex II. This relative shift was coupled with a dramatic increase in MO2 at 14°C. HS was high under ambient spawning conditions (6–10°C), but decreased at 14°C and hatched larvae at this temperature were smaller. Elevated PCO2 increased larval malformations, indicating sub-lethal effects. These results indicate that energetic limitations due to thermally affected mitochondria and higher energy demand for maintenance occur at the expense of embryonic development and growth. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-07-07.