Seawater carbonate chemistry and toxic effects of carbon nanoparticles on polychaetes

• Main Authors: De Marchi, Lucia, Pretti, Carlo, Chiellini, Federica, Morelli, Andrea, Neto, Victor, Soares, Amadeu M V M, Figueira, Etelvina, Freitas, Rosa
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2019
• Subjects: Animalia; Annelida; Benthic animals; Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria 20-1000 L or < 1 m**2; Hediste diversicolor; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Other metabolic rates; Single species; Temperate; Type; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Experiment day; Treatment; Size; Polydispersity index; Protein per fresh mass; Protein, standard deviation; Glycogen; Glycogen, standard deviation; Electron transport system activity of oyxgen; Electron transport system activity of oyxgen, standard deviation; Lipid peroxidation, per wet mass; Lipid peroxidation, standard deviation; Catalase, per wet mass; Catalase activity, standard deviation; Superoxide dismutase, per fresh mass; Superoxide dismutase activity, standard deviation; Glutathione reductase per fresh mass; Glutathione reductase per fresh mass, standard deviation; Acetylcholinesterase activity per fresh mass; Acetylcholinesterase activity, per fresh mass, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.919356; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.919356

Ocean acidification events are recognized as important drivers of change in biological systems. Particularly, the impacts of acidification are more severe in estuarine systems than in surface ocean due to their shallowness, low buffering capacity, low salinity and high organic matter from land drainage. Moreover, because they are transitional areas, estuaries can be seriously impacted by a vast number of anthropogenic activities and in the last decades, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are considered as emerging contaminants in these ecosystems. Considering all these evidences, chronic experiment was carried out, trying to understand the possible alteration on the chemical behaviour of two different CNMs (functionalized and pristine) in predicted climate change scenarios and consequently, how these alterations could modify the sensitivity of one the most common marine and estuarine organisms (the polychaeta Hediste diversicolor) assessing a set of biomarkers related to polychaetes oxidative status as well as the metabolic performance and neurotoxicity. Our results demonstrated that all enzymes worked together to counteract seawater acidification and CNMs, however oxidative stress in the exposed polychaetes to both CNMs, especially under ocean acidification conditions, was enhanced. In fact, although the antioxidant enzymes tried to cope as compensatory response of cellular defense systems against oxidative stress, the synergistic interactive effects of pH and functionalized CNMs indicated that acidified pH significantly increased the oxidative damage (in terms of lipid peroxidation) in the cotaminated organisms. Different responses were observed in organisms submitted to pristine CNMs under pH control, where the lipid peroxidation did not increase along with the increasing exposure concentrations. The present results further demonstrated neurotoxicity caused by both CNMs, especially noticeable at acidified conditions. The mechanism of enhanced toxicity could be attributed to slighter aggregation and more suspended NMs in acidified seawater (as demonstrated by the DLS analysis). Therefore, ocean acidification may cause a higher risk of CNMs to marine ecosystems. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-06-12.