Ecological boundaries constrain pro- and eukaryotic richness: from the ice edge to the equator in the Pacific Ocean, supplement to: Raes, Eric J; Bodrossy, Levente; Van De Kamp, Jodie; Bissett, Andrew; Ostrowski, Martin; Brown, Mark; Sow, Swan Li San; Sloyan, Bernardette; Waite, Anya M (2018): Oceanographic boundaries constrain microbial diversity gradients in the South Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201719335

• Main Authors: Raes, Eric J, Bodrossy, Levente, Van De Kamp, Jodie, Bissett, Andrew, Ostrowski, Martin, Brown, Mark, Sow, Swan Li San, Sloyan, Bernardette, Waite, Anya M
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2018
• Subjects: Biological Oceanography @ AWI AWI_BioOce; Antarctic; Austral; Pacific; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.887803; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.887803

Marine microbes along with micro eukaryotes are key regulators of oceanic biogeochemical pathways. Here we present a high-resolution (every 0.5° latitude) dataset describing microbial pro- and eukaryotic diversity, in the surface and just below the thermocline, along a 7000km transect from 66° S at the Antarctic ice edge to the equator in the South Pacific Ocean. The transect, conducted in Austral winter, covered key oceanographic features including crossing of the polar front (PF), the subtropical front (STF) and the equatorial upwelling region. Our data indicate that temperature does not determine patterns of marine microbial richness, complementing the global model data from Ladau, et al. (2013). Rather, NH4⁺ nanoplankton and primary productivity were the main drivers for archaeal and bacterial richness. Eukaryote richness was highest in the least productive ocean region, the tropical oligotrophic province. We also observed a novel diversity pattern in the South Pacific Ocean; a regional increase in archaeal and bacterial diversity between 10° S and the equator. Our data showed that the mean latitudinal ranges of archaea and bacteria decreased with latitude, thereby not confirming the Rapoport's rule. We show that permanent oceanographic features, such as the STF and the equatorial upwelling can have a significant influence on pro- and eukaryotic richness. : High resolution data covering marine microbes and micro eukaryotes are sparse, despite the fact that these organisms control global biogeochemical cycles. Here we present a dataset describing the microbial pro- and eukaryotic diversity along a 7000km transect from the Antarctic ice edge to the equator in early winter in the South Pacific Ocean. We show that a) temperature is not a primary driver of richness gradients b) prokaryotic richness increases with productivity, and c) oceanographic features can structure pro- and eukaryotic richness. Our data have given us a better understanding of how richness relates to dissolved inorganic nitrogen and productivity, as well as insights into the potential geographical community-range shifts of marine microbes in light of the rapidly changing climate. Physical and chemical data are stored at: CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO) Principal Contact: Jim Swift, Director Email: mailto:[e-mail] Web-site: http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/. Voyage number 096U20160426. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/096U20160426 Contact: mailto:[e-mail] Genomic data are stored at: National Centre for Biotechnology Information 1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ under Bioproject/385736.2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/3857363) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra?linkname=bioproject_sra_all&from_uid=385736 4) View results as an expanded interactive table using the RunSelector. 'Send results to Run selector'. Then filter the Geo_Loc_Name for Pacific Ocean Genomic data can also be accessed through the: Bioplatforms Australia database (BPA) https://data.bioplatforms.com/organization/about/bpa-marine-microbes BPA identification numbers for the specific CTD stations along the P15S GO-SHIP transect are listed as "Sample code/label" in the two datasets.We would like to acknowledge the contribution of the Marine Microbes (MM) and Biomes of Australian Soil Environments (BASE) projects, through the Australian Microbiome Initiative in the generation of data used in this dataset. The Australian Microbiome Initiative is supported by funding from Bioplatforms Australia through the Australian Government National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).