Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs, supplement to: Okazaki, Remy; Towle, Erica K; van Hooidonk, R; Mor, Carolina; Winter, Rivah N; Piggot, Alan M; Cunning, Ross; Baker, Andrew; Klaus, James S; Swart, Peter K; Langdon, Chris (2016): Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs. Global Change Biology

• Main Authors: Okazaki, Remy, Towle, Erica K, van Hooidonk, R, Mor, Carolina, Winter, Rivah N, Piggot, Alan M, Cunning, Ross, Baker, Andrew, Klaus, James S, Swart, Peter K, Langdon, Chris
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2017
• Subjects: Acropora cervicornis; Agaricia agaricites; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria 20-1000 L or < 1 m**2; Dichocoenia stokesii; Laboratory experiment; Montastraea cavernosa; North Atlantic; Orbicella faveolata; Porites astreoides; Porites divaricata; Pseudodiploria clivosa; Pseudodiploria strigosa; Siderastrea radians; Siderastrea siderea; Solenastrea hyades; Species interaction; Temperate; Temperature; Type; Identification; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Colony number/ID; Location; Treatment; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Comment; Temperature, water; Temperature, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb; Potentiometric titration; Coulometry; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Klaus; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.867493; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.867493

Anthropogenic climate change compromises reef growth as a result of increasing temperatures and ocean acidification. Scleractinian corals vary in their sensitivity to these variables, suggesting species composition will influence how reef communities respond to future climate change. Because data are lacking for many species, most studies that model future reef growth rely on uniform scleractinian calcification sensitivities to temperature and ocean acidification. In order to address this knowledge gap, calcification of twelve common and understudied Caribbean coral species was measured for two months under crossed temperatures (27°C, 30.3°C) and CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) (400, 900, 1300 µatm). Mixed effects models of calcification for each species were then used to project community-level scleractinian calcification using Florida Keys reef composition data and IPCC AR5 ensemble climate model data. Three of the four most abundant species, Orbicella faveolata, Montastraea cavernosa, and Porites astreoides, had negative calcification responses to both elevated temperature and pCO2. In the business-as-usual CO2 emissions scenario, reefs with high abundances of these species had projected end-of-century declines in scleractinian calcification of >50% relative to present-day rates. Siderastrea siderea, the other most-common species, was insensitive to both temperature and pCO2 within the levels tested here. Reefs dominated by this species had the most stable end-of-century growth. Under more optimistic scenarios of reduced CO2 emissions, calcification rates throughout the Florida Keys declined <20% by 2100. Under the most extreme emissions scenario, projected declines were highly variable among reefs, ranging 10 to 100%. Without considering bleaching, reef growth will likely decline on most reefs, especially where resistant species like S. siderea are not already dominant. This study demonstrates how species composition influences reef community responses to climate change and how reduced CO2 emissions can limit future declines in reef calcification. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-10-31.