Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867
The North Water (NOW) Polynya is a regularly-forming area of open-water and thin-ice, located between northwestern Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Canada) at the northern tip of Baffin Bay. Due to its large spatial extent, it is of high importance for a variety of physical and biological processes,...
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PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
2015
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.854921 https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.854921 |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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English |
description |
The North Water (NOW) Polynya is a regularly-forming area of open-water and thin-ice, located between northwestern Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Canada) at the northern tip of Baffin Bay. Due to its large spatial extent, it is of high importance for a variety of physical and biological processes, especially in wintertime. Here, we present a long-term remote sensing study for the winter seasons 1978/1979 to 2014/2015. Polynya characteristics are inferred from (1) sea ice concentrations and brightness temperatures from passive microwave satellite sensors (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E and AMSR2), Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSM/I-SSMIS)) and (2) thin-ice thickness distributions, which are calculated using MODIS ice-surface temperatures and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis data in a 1D thermodynamic energy-balance model. Daily ice production rates are retrieved for each winter season from 2002/2003 to 2014/2015, assuming that all heat loss at the ice surface is balanced by ice growth. Two different cloud-cover correction schemes are applied on daily polynya area and ice production values to account for cloud gaps in the MODIS composites. Our results indicate that the NOW polynya experienced significant seasonal changes over the last three decades considering the overall frequency of polynya occurrences, as well as their spatial extent. In the 1980s, there were prolonged periods of a more or less closed ice cover in northern Baffin Bay in winter. This changed towards an average opening on more than 85% of the days between November and March during the last decade. Noticeably, the sea ice cover in the NOW polynya region shows signs of a later-appearing fall freeze-up, starting in the late 1990s. Different methods to obtain daily polynya area using passive microwave AMSR-E/AMSR2 data and SSM/I-SSMIS data were applied. A comparison with MODIS data (thin-ice thickness < 20 cm) shows that the wintertime polynya area estimates derived by MODIS are about 30 to 40% higher than those derived using the polynya signature simulation method (PSSM) with AMSR-E data. In turn, the difference in polynya area between PSSM and a sea ice concentration (SIC) threshold of 70% is fairly low (approximately 10%) when applied to AMSR-E data. For the coarse-resolution SSM/I-SSMIS data, this difference is much larger, particularly in November and December. Instead of a sea ice concentration threshold, the PSSM method should be used for SSM/I-SSMIS data. Depending on the type of cloud-cover correction, the calculated ice production based on MODIS data reaches an average value of 264.4 ± 65.1 km**3 to 275.7 ± 67.4 km**3 (2002/2003 to 2014/2015) and shows a high interannual variability. Our achieved long-term results underline the major importance of the NOW polynya considering its influence on Arctic ice production and associated atmosphere/ocean processes. : Ice production data is only available for the MODIS period (2002/2003-2014/2015). Polynya area and ice production derived from MODIS is corrected for the influence of cloud cover (coverage-correction (CC); spatial feature reconstruction (SFR)). For details on the different procedures and a definition of the reference area (i.e. polynya mask), please consult the given reference (open access).This work was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under grant 03G0833D. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Preußer, Andreas Heinemann, Günther Willmes, Sascha Paul, Stephan |
spellingShingle |
Preußer, Andreas Heinemann, Günther Willmes, Sascha Paul, Stephan Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
author_facet |
Preußer, Andreas Heinemann, Günther Willmes, Sascha Paul, Stephan |
author_sort |
Preußer, Andreas |
title |
Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
title_short |
Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
title_full |
Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
title_fullStr |
Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
title_sort |
daily polynya area and ice production in the north water polynya region, supplement to: preußer, andreas; heinemann, günther; willmes, sascha; paul, stephan (2015): multi-decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the north water polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. remote sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 |
publisher |
PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.854921 https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.854921 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.729,-60.729,-64.008,-64.008) |
geographic |
Andreas Arctic Baffin Bay Canada Ellesmere Island Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Andreas Arctic Baffin Bay Canada Ellesmere Island Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Ellesmere Island Greenland Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Ellesmere Island Greenland Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs71215807 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode cc-by-3.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.854921 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71215807 |
_version_ |
1766350380974735360 |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.1594/pangaea.854921 2023-05-15T15:20:09+02:00 Daily polynya area and ice production in the North Water polynya region, supplement to: Preußer, Andreas; Heinemann, Günther; Willmes, Sascha; Paul, Stephan (2015): Multi-Decadal variability of polynya characteristics and ice production in the North Water Polynya by means of passive microwave and thermal infrared satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844-15867 Preußer, Andreas Heinemann, Günther Willmes, Sascha Paul, Stephan 2015 application/zip https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.854921 https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.854921 en eng PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs71215807 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode cc-by-3.0 CC-BY article Supplementary Collection of Datasets Collection 2015 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.854921 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71215807 2022-02-09T13:31:34Z The North Water (NOW) Polynya is a regularly-forming area of open-water and thin-ice, located between northwestern Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Canada) at the northern tip of Baffin Bay. Due to its large spatial extent, it is of high importance for a variety of physical and biological processes, especially in wintertime. Here, we present a long-term remote sensing study for the winter seasons 1978/1979 to 2014/2015. Polynya characteristics are inferred from (1) sea ice concentrations and brightness temperatures from passive microwave satellite sensors (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E and AMSR2), Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSM/I-SSMIS)) and (2) thin-ice thickness distributions, which are calculated using MODIS ice-surface temperatures and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis data in a 1D thermodynamic energy-balance model. Daily ice production rates are retrieved for each winter season from 2002/2003 to 2014/2015, assuming that all heat loss at the ice surface is balanced by ice growth. Two different cloud-cover correction schemes are applied on daily polynya area and ice production values to account for cloud gaps in the MODIS composites. Our results indicate that the NOW polynya experienced significant seasonal changes over the last three decades considering the overall frequency of polynya occurrences, as well as their spatial extent. In the 1980s, there were prolonged periods of a more or less closed ice cover in northern Baffin Bay in winter. This changed towards an average opening on more than 85% of the days between November and March during the last decade. Noticeably, the sea ice cover in the NOW polynya region shows signs of a later-appearing fall freeze-up, starting in the late 1990s. Different methods to obtain daily polynya area using passive microwave AMSR-E/AMSR2 data and SSM/I-SSMIS data were applied. A comparison with MODIS data (thin-ice thickness < 20 cm) shows that the wintertime polynya area estimates derived by MODIS are about 30 to 40% higher than those derived using the polynya signature simulation method (PSSM) with AMSR-E data. In turn, the difference in polynya area between PSSM and a sea ice concentration (SIC) threshold of 70% is fairly low (approximately 10%) when applied to AMSR-E data. For the coarse-resolution SSM/I-SSMIS data, this difference is much larger, particularly in November and December. Instead of a sea ice concentration threshold, the PSSM method should be used for SSM/I-SSMIS data. Depending on the type of cloud-cover correction, the calculated ice production based on MODIS data reaches an average value of 264.4 ± 65.1 km**3 to 275.7 ± 67.4 km**3 (2002/2003 to 2014/2015) and shows a high interannual variability. Our achieved long-term results underline the major importance of the NOW polynya considering its influence on Arctic ice production and associated atmosphere/ocean processes. : Ice production data is only available for the MODIS period (2002/2003-2014/2015). Polynya area and ice production derived from MODIS is corrected for the influence of cloud cover (coverage-correction (CC); spatial feature reconstruction (SFR)). For details on the different procedures and a definition of the reference area (i.e. polynya mask), please consult the given reference (open access).This work was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under grant 03G0833D. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Ellesmere Island Greenland Sea ice DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Andreas ENVELOPE(-60.729,-60.729,-64.008,-64.008) Arctic Baffin Bay Canada Ellesmere Island Greenland |