Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans, supplement to: Garilli, Vittorio; Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo; Scuderi, Danilo; Brusca, Lorenzo; Parrinello, Daniela; Rastrick, S P S; Foggo, A; Twitchett, Richard J; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Milazzo, Marco (2015): Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans. Nature Climate Change

• Main Authors: Garilli, Vittorio, Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo, Scuderi, Danilo, Brusca, Lorenzo, Parrinello, Daniela, Rastrick, S P S, Foggo, A, Twitchett, Richard J, Hall-Spencer, Jason M, Milazzo, Marco
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2015
• Subjects: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Calcification/Dissolution; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Cyclope neritea; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Nassarius corniculus; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Table; Figure; Species; Month; Treatment; Identification; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Site; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Respiration rate, oxygen; Height; Width; Thickness; Height/width ratio; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Experiment; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.847397; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.847397

Excessive CO2 in the present-day ocean-atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future, mirroring effects in many past mass extinctions. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such events were often smaller than those before, a phenomenon called the Lilliput effect. Here, we show that two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to partially repair shell dissolution. These observations of the long-term chronic effects of increased CO2 levels forewarn of changes we can expect in marine ecosystems as CO2 emissions continue to rise unchecked, and support the hypothesis that ocean acidification contributed to past extinction events. The ability to adapt through dwarfing can confer physiological advantages as the rate of CO2 emissions continues to increase. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-06-01.