Could the acid-base status of Antarctic sea urchins indicate a better-than-expected resilience to near-future ocean acidification?, supplement to: Collard, Marie; De Ridder, Chantal; David, Bruno; Dehairs, Frank; Dubois, Philippe (2014): Could the acid-base status of Antarctic sea urchins indicate a better-than-expected resilience to near-future ocean acidification? Global Change Biology

• Main Authors: Collard, Marie, De Ridder, Chantal, David, Bruno, Dehairs, Frank, Dubois, Philippe
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2015
• Subjects: Abatus cavernosus; Acid-base regulation; Amphipneustes lorioli; Amphipneustes rostratus; Amphipneustes similis; Animalia; Antarctic; Aporocidaris eltaniana; Benthic animals; Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Ctenocidaris gigantea; Echinodermata; Field observation; Notocidaris gaussensis; Polar; Single species; Sterechinus antarcticus; Sterechinus neumayeri; Event label; DATE/TIME; Station label; LONGITUDE; LATITUDE; Species; Size; Coelomic fluid, pH; pH; pH, standard deviation; Difference; Coelomic fluid, alkalinity; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Coelomic fluid, carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; δ13C; Temperature, water; Salinity; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Experiment; Potentiometric; Calculated; Potentiometric titration; Coulometric titration; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; DuBois; Collard; Antarc*; antarcticus; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.839887; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.839887

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration alters the chemistry of the oceans towards more acidic conditions. Polar oceans are particularly affected due to their low temperature, low carbonate content and mixing patterns, for instance upwellings. Calcifying organisms are expected to be highly impacted by the decrease in the oceans' pH and carbonate ions concentration. In particular, sea urchins, members of the phylum Echinodermata, are hypothesized to be at risk due to their high-magnesium calcite skeleton. However, tolerance to ocean acidification in metazoans is first linked to acid-base regulation capacities of the extracellular fluids. No information on this is available to date for Antarctic echinoderms and inference from temperate and tropical studies needs support. In this study, we investigated the acid-base status of 9 species of sea urchins (3 cidaroids, 2 regular euechinoids and 4 irregular echinoids). It appears that Antarctic regular euechinoids seem equipped with similar acid-base regulation systems as tropical and temperate regular euechinoids but could rely on more passive ion transfer systems, minimizing energy requirements. Cidaroids have an acid-base status similar to that of tropical cidaroids. Therefore Antarctic cidaroids will most probably not be affected by decreasing seawater pH, the pH drop linked to ocean acidification being negligible in comparison of the naturally low pH of the coelomic fluid. Irregular echinoids might not suffer from reduced seawater pH if acidosis of the coelomic fluid pH does not occur but more data on their acid-base regulation are needed. Combining these results with the resilience of Antarctic sea urchin larvae strongly suggests that these organisms might not be the expected victims of ocean acidification. However, data on the impact of other global stressors such as temperature and of the combination of the different stressors needs to be acquired to assess the sensitivity of these organisms to global change. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-12-01.