Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Sperm Activity and Early Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), supplement to: Vihtakari, Mikko; Hendriks, Iris; Holding, Johnna; Renaud, Paul E; Duarte, Carlos Manuel; Havenhand, Jonathan N (2013): Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Sperm Activity and Early Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Water, 5(4), 1890-1915

• Main Authors: Vihtakari, Mikko, Hendriks, Iris, Holding, Johnna, Renaud, Paul E, Duarte, Carlos Manuel, Havenhand, Jonathan N
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2013
• Subjects: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Pelagos; Reproduction; FOS Medical biotechnology; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Temperature; Zooplankton; Species; Individual code; Identification; Treatment; Size; Larvae; Respiration rate, oxygen; Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error; Abundance per volume; Respiration rate, oxygen, per individual; Date; Calcification rate of carbon; Calcification rate of carbon per individual; Replicate; Survival; Sperm motility; Sperm motility, standard error; Sperm motility, standard deviation; Replicates; Speed, swimming; Speed, swimming, standard error; Speed, swimming, standard deviation; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Spectrophotometric; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate MedSeA; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Renaud; Duarte; Vihtakari; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.833257; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.833257

Larval stages are among those most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Projected atmospheric CO2 levels for the end of this century may lead to negative impacts on communities dominated by calcifying taxa with planktonic life stages. We exposed Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm and early life stages to pHT levels of 8.0 (current pH) and 7.6 (2100 level) by manipulating pCO2 level (380 and 1000 ppm). Sperm activity was examined at ambient temperatures (16-17 °C) using individual males as replicates. We also assessed the effects of temperature (ambient and = 20 °C) and pH on larval size, survival, respiration and calcification of late trochophore/early D-veliger stages using a cross-factorial design. Increased pCO2 had a negative effect on the percentage of motile sperm (mean response ratio R= 71%) and sperm swimming speed (R= 74%), possibly indicating reduced fertilization capacity of sperm in low concentrations. Increased temperature had a more prominent effect on larval stages than pCO2, reducing performance (RSize = 90% and RSurvival = 70%) and increasing energy demand (RRespiration = 429%). We observed no significant interactions between pCO2 and temperature. Our results suggest that increasing temperature might have a larger impact on very early larval stages of M. galloprovincialis than OA at levels predicted for the end of the century. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-06-05.