Seawater carbonate chemistry and early development of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus in a laboratory experiment using artificial seawater, supplement to: Challener, Roberta C; McClintock, James B; Makowsky, Robert (2013): Effects of reduced carbonate saturation state on early development in the common edible sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus: implications for land-based aquaculture. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 25(2), 154-175

• Main Authors: Challener, Roberta C, McClintock, James B, Makowsky, Robert
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2013
• Subjects: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Coast and continental shelf; Development; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Lytechinus variegatus; North Atlantic; Reproduction; FOS Medical biotechnology; Single species; Temperate; DATE/TIME; Identification; Species; Treatment; Sample code/label; Replicate; Time in minutes; Duration, number of days; Eggs, fertilized; Eggs, unfertilized; Eggs, abnormal; Eggs, one-cell stage; Eggs, two-cell stage; Eggs, four-cell stage; Eggs, eight-cell stage; Eggs, gastrula; Eggs, prism; Eggs, early pluteus; Larvae, no arms; Larvae, tow arms; Larvae, four arms; Larvae, abnormal; Body length, overall, left; Body length, overall, right; Body length; Arm length, postoral; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon dioxide; Oxygen; Oxygen, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state; Carbonate system computation flag; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Experiment; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; McClintock; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.822160; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.822160

Land-based aquaculture facilities often utilize additional bicarbonate sources such as commercial sea salts that are designed to boost alkalinity in order to buffer seawater against reductions in pH. Despite these preventative measures, many facilities are likely to face occasional reductions in pH and corresponding reductions in carbonate saturation states due to the accumulation of metabolic waste products. We investigated the impact of reduced carbonate saturation states (Omega Ca, Omega Ar) on embryonic developmental rates, larval developmental rates, and echinoplutei skeletal morphometrics in the common edible sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus under high alkalinity conditions. Commercial artificial seawater was bubbled with a mixture of air and CO2 gas to reduce the carbonate saturation state. Rates of embryonic and larval development were significantly delayed in both the low and extreme low carbonate saturation state groups relative to the control at a given time. Although symmetry of overall skeletal body lengths was not affected, allometric relationships were significantly different between treatment groups. Larvae reared under ambient conditions had significantly greater postoral arm and overall body lengths relative to body lengths than larvae grown under extreme low carbonate saturation state conditions, indicating that extreme changes in the carbonate system affected not only developmental rates but also larval skeletal shape. Reduced rates of embryonic development and delayed and altered larval skeletal growth are likely to negatively impact larval culturing of L. variegatus in land-based, intensive culture situations where calcite and aragonite saturation states are lowered by the accumulation of metabolic waste products. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2013-10-31.