Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of oysters Crassostrea virginica during experiments, 2010, supplement to: Beniash, Elia; Ivanina, Anna; Lieb, Nicholas S; Kurochkin, Ilya; Sokolova, Inna A (2010): Elevated level of carbon dioxide affects metabolism and shell formation in oysters Crassostrea virginica. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 419, 95-108

• Main Authors: Beniash, Elia, Ivanina, Anna, Lieb, Nicholas S, Kurochkin, Ilya, Sokolova, Inna A
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2010
• Subjects: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Coast and continental shelf; Crassostrea virginica; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Atlantic; Other studied parameter or process; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Experimental treatment; Salinity; Temperature, water; pH; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Alkalinity, total; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state; Crassostrea virginica, weight, dry; Crassostrea virginica, weight; Crassostrea virginica, calcite folia thickness; Metabolic rate of oxygen per wet mass, standard; Crassostrea virginica, gill, adenosine triphosphate; Crassostrea virginica, gill, adenosine diphosphate; Crassostrea virginica, gill, adenosine monophosphate; Crassostrea virginica, gill, adenylates; Crassostrea virginica, gill, carbonic anhydrase/actin ratio; Crassostrea virginica, mantle, carbonic anhydrase/actin ratio; Sample ID; Vickers hardness, division; Vickers hardness, distance; Vickers hardness, load; Vickers hardness number; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; pH meter model 1671, Jenco Instruments; Calculated using CO2SYS; TOC analyzer Shimadzu; Measured; Microbalance XP 56 Metler-Toledo; Scanning electron microscope SEM; Clark type oxygen electrode 5300A, YSI; Closed-system respirometry, Clark-type oxygen electrodes Qubit Systems; Spectrophotometry; Leco microindenter equipped with a Vickers diamond indenter; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis EUR-OCEANS; European Project on Ocean Acidification EPOCA; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Elia; Sokolova; Toledo; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.767583; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.767583

Estuarine organisms are exposed to periodic strong fluctuations in seawater pH driven by biological carbon dioxide (CO2) production, which may in the future be further exacerbated by the ocean acidification associated with the global rise in CO2. Calcium carbonate-producing marine species such as mollusks are expected to be vulnerable to acidification of estuarine waters, since elevated CO2 concentration and lower pH lead to a decrease in the degree of saturation of water with respect to calcium carbonate, potentially affecting biomineralization. Our study demonstrates that the increase in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in seawater and associated decrease in pH within the environmentally relevant range for estuaries have negative effects on physiology, rates of shell deposition and mechanical properties of the shells of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). High CO2 levels (pH ~7.5, pCO2 ~3500 µatm) caused significant increases in juvenile mortality rates and inhibited both shell and soft-body growth compared to the control conditions (pH ~8.2, pCO2 ~380 µatm). Furthermore, elevated CO2 concentrations resulted in higher standard metabolic rates in oyster juveniles, likely due to the higher energy cost of homeostasis. The high CO2 conditions also led to changes in the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of shells, including increased thickness of the calcite laths within the hypostracum and reduced hardness and fracture toughness of the shells, indicating that elevated CO2 levels have negative effects on the biomineralization process. These data strongly suggest that the rise in CO2 can impact physiology and biomineralization in marine calcifiers such as eastern oysters, threatening their survival and potentially leading to profound ecological and economic impacts in estuarine ecosystems. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).