Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with Crassostrea gigas, 2007, supplement to: Kurihara, Haruko; Kato, Shoji; Ishimatsu, Atsushi (2007): Effects of increased seawater pCO2 on early development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Aquatic Biology, 1(1), 91-98

• Main Authors: Kurihara, Haruko, Kato, Shoji, Ishimatsu, Atsushi
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2007
• Subjects: Animalia; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Crassostrea gigas; Development; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton; Experimental treatment; Carbonate system computation flag; Temperature, water; Salinity; pH; Alkalinity, total; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Aragonite saturation state; Calcite saturation state; Proportion; Crassostrea gigas, larvae length; Crassostrea gigas, larvae height; Crassostrea gigas, non mineralized; Crassostrea gigas, partially mineralized; Crassostrea gigas, fully mineralized; Experiment; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Refractometer Atago 100-S; pH meter Mettler Toledo, USA; pH meter PHM290, Radiometer; Measured; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis EUR-OCEANS; European Project on Ocean Acidification EPOCA; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Pacific; Toledo; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.721193; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.721193

This study demonstrated that the increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in seawater and the attendant acidification that are projected to occur by the year 2300 will severely impact the early development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Eggs of the oyster were artificially fertilized and incubated for 48 h in seawater acidified to pH 7.4 by equilibrating it with CO2-enriched air (CO2 group), and the larval morphology and degree of shell mineralization were compared with the control treatment (air-equilibrated seawater). Only 5% of the CO2 group developed into normal 'D-shaped' veliger larvae as compared with 68% in the control group, although no difference was observed between the groups up to the trochophore stage. Thus, during embryogenesis, the calcification process appears to be particularly affected by low pH and/or the low CaCO3 saturation state of high-CO2 seawater. Veliger larvae with fully mineralized shells accounted for 30% of the CO2-group larvae, compared with 72% in the control (p < 0.005). Shell mineralization was completely inhibited in 45% of the CO2-group larvae, but only in 16% of the control (p < 0.05). Normal D-shaped veligers of the control group exhibited increased shell length and height between 24 and 48 h after fertilization, while the few D-shaped veligers of the CO2 group showed no shell growth during the same period. Our results suggest that future ocean acidification will have deleterious impacts on the early development of marine benthic calcifying organisms. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).