Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation
The terrestrial margins of the Middle Pleistocene ice sheets in northern central Europe were characterised by the formation of extensive ice-dammed lakes, which were controlled by the blockage of spillways by the ice margin. The largest ice-dammed lake had a volume of ∼224 km³ and formed in a late s...
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Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.15488/10473 https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/10549 |
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ftdatacite:10.15488/10473 2023-05-15T16:41:02+02:00 Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation Lang, Jörg Alho, Petteri Kasvi, Elina Goseberg, Nils Winsemann, Jutta 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.15488/10473 https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/10549 en eng London : Elsevier Ltd. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-nd-4.0 CC-BY-NC-ND Glacial lake-outburst flood Ice-dammed lakes Meltwater-drainage systems Middle pleistocene glaciations Numerical flood simulation Palaeotopography Drainage Floods Glacial geology Glaciers Ice Numerical models Shear flow Shear stress Flood simulation Glacial lake outburst flood Ice-dammed lake Meltwater drainage system Middle Pleistocene Lakes flash flood glacial lake glaciation ice margin ice sheet ice-dammed lake meltwater outburst paleotopography peak discharge Pleistocene proglacial environment Saalian simulation two-dimensional modeling Atlantic Ocean Central Europe Germany Netherlands North Sea Dewey Decimal Classification500 | Naturwissenschaften550 | Geowissenschaften Other CreativeWork article 2019 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.15488/10473 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The terrestrial margins of the Middle Pleistocene ice sheets in northern central Europe were characterised by the formation of extensive ice-dammed lakes, which were controlled by the blockage of spillways by the ice margin. The largest ice-dammed lake had a volume of ∼224 km³ and formed in a late stage of the first Saalian ice advance (MIS 6) in central Germany. The failure of the ice dam in the bedrock-outlet channel triggered a major glacial lake-outburst flood. Flood-related erosional and depositional features include large-scale scours, trench-like channels, streamlined hills, giant bars and run-up deposits, indicating a wide spreading of the outburst flood in an early stage and the incision of trench-like valleys in a later stage. The incision of large valleys in the proximal flood pathway strongly impacted the regional drainage system by providing an efficient drainage network. The trench-like channels initiated by the lake-outburst flood became a crucial part of the ice-marginal drainage and subsequent fluvial system. The reconstructed outlet hydrographs imply peak discharges of 465,000–673,000 m³s −1 . The numerical simulation indicates flow depths of up to 87 m, flow velocities of up to 7 ms −1 , peaks of the bed-shear stress of 2500 Nm −2 and the inundation of large parts of northwestern Germany and the northern Netherlands. The numerical simulation of the outburst flood was conducted on both the modern digital elevation model and on palaeotopographic models, representing the palaeotopography prior to the outburst flood and during maximum flood-related incision, respectively. Distally, the outburst flood probably followed an east-west trending route through northwestern Germany and the central Netherlands into the ice-dammed lake in the southern North Sea Basin. The added water volume might have led to the overspill and drainage of the proglacial lakes in the central Netherlands and the North Sea Lake in a chain reaction, eventually opening an east-west trending meltwater-drainage pathway along the southwestern margin of the decaying ice sheet. © 2019 The Authors Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Dammed Lake ENVELOPE(-68.258,-68.258,68.496,68.496) Dewey ENVELOPE(-64.320,-64.320,-65.907,-65.907) Glacial Lake ENVELOPE(-129.463,-129.463,58.259,58.259) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
English |
topic |
Glacial lake-outburst flood Ice-dammed lakes Meltwater-drainage systems Middle pleistocene glaciations Numerical flood simulation Palaeotopography Drainage Floods Glacial geology Glaciers Ice Numerical models Shear flow Shear stress Flood simulation Glacial lake outburst flood Ice-dammed lake Meltwater drainage system Middle Pleistocene Lakes flash flood glacial lake glaciation ice margin ice sheet ice-dammed lake meltwater outburst paleotopography peak discharge Pleistocene proglacial environment Saalian simulation two-dimensional modeling Atlantic Ocean Central Europe Germany Netherlands North Sea Dewey Decimal Classification500 | Naturwissenschaften550 | Geowissenschaften |
spellingShingle |
Glacial lake-outburst flood Ice-dammed lakes Meltwater-drainage systems Middle pleistocene glaciations Numerical flood simulation Palaeotopography Drainage Floods Glacial geology Glaciers Ice Numerical models Shear flow Shear stress Flood simulation Glacial lake outburst flood Ice-dammed lake Meltwater drainage system Middle Pleistocene Lakes flash flood glacial lake glaciation ice margin ice sheet ice-dammed lake meltwater outburst paleotopography peak discharge Pleistocene proglacial environment Saalian simulation two-dimensional modeling Atlantic Ocean Central Europe Germany Netherlands North Sea Dewey Decimal Classification500 | Naturwissenschaften550 | Geowissenschaften Lang, Jörg Alho, Petteri Kasvi, Elina Goseberg, Nils Winsemann, Jutta Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation |
topic_facet |
Glacial lake-outburst flood Ice-dammed lakes Meltwater-drainage systems Middle pleistocene glaciations Numerical flood simulation Palaeotopography Drainage Floods Glacial geology Glaciers Ice Numerical models Shear flow Shear stress Flood simulation Glacial lake outburst flood Ice-dammed lake Meltwater drainage system Middle Pleistocene Lakes flash flood glacial lake glaciation ice margin ice sheet ice-dammed lake meltwater outburst paleotopography peak discharge Pleistocene proglacial environment Saalian simulation two-dimensional modeling Atlantic Ocean Central Europe Germany Netherlands North Sea Dewey Decimal Classification500 | Naturwissenschaften550 | Geowissenschaften |
description |
The terrestrial margins of the Middle Pleistocene ice sheets in northern central Europe were characterised by the formation of extensive ice-dammed lakes, which were controlled by the blockage of spillways by the ice margin. The largest ice-dammed lake had a volume of ∼224 km³ and formed in a late stage of the first Saalian ice advance (MIS 6) in central Germany. The failure of the ice dam in the bedrock-outlet channel triggered a major glacial lake-outburst flood. Flood-related erosional and depositional features include large-scale scours, trench-like channels, streamlined hills, giant bars and run-up deposits, indicating a wide spreading of the outburst flood in an early stage and the incision of trench-like valleys in a later stage. The incision of large valleys in the proximal flood pathway strongly impacted the regional drainage system by providing an efficient drainage network. The trench-like channels initiated by the lake-outburst flood became a crucial part of the ice-marginal drainage and subsequent fluvial system. The reconstructed outlet hydrographs imply peak discharges of 465,000–673,000 m³s −1 . The numerical simulation indicates flow depths of up to 87 m, flow velocities of up to 7 ms −1 , peaks of the bed-shear stress of 2500 Nm −2 and the inundation of large parts of northwestern Germany and the northern Netherlands. The numerical simulation of the outburst flood was conducted on both the modern digital elevation model and on palaeotopographic models, representing the palaeotopography prior to the outburst flood and during maximum flood-related incision, respectively. Distally, the outburst flood probably followed an east-west trending route through northwestern Germany and the central Netherlands into the ice-dammed lake in the southern North Sea Basin. The added water volume might have led to the overspill and drainage of the proglacial lakes in the central Netherlands and the North Sea Lake in a chain reaction, eventually opening an east-west trending meltwater-drainage pathway along the southwestern margin of the decaying ice sheet. © 2019 The Authors |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lang, Jörg Alho, Petteri Kasvi, Elina Goseberg, Nils Winsemann, Jutta |
author_facet |
Lang, Jörg Alho, Petteri Kasvi, Elina Goseberg, Nils Winsemann, Jutta |
author_sort |
Lang, Jörg |
title |
Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation |
title_short |
Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation |
title_full |
Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation |
title_fullStr |
Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation |
title_sort |
impact of middle pleistocene (saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central europe: insights from 2d numerical flood simulation |
publisher |
London : Elsevier Ltd. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.15488/10473 https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/10549 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-68.258,-68.258,68.496,68.496) ENVELOPE(-64.320,-64.320,-65.907,-65.907) ENVELOPE(-129.463,-129.463,58.259,58.259) |
geographic |
Dammed Lake Dewey Glacial Lake |
geographic_facet |
Dammed Lake Dewey Glacial Lake |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode cc-by-nc-nd-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.15488/10473 |
_version_ |
1766031469879230464 |