FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF A SINGULAR PENGUIN SCAPULA (AVES, SPHENISCIFORMES) FROM THE EOCENE OF ANTARCTICA ...

• Main Authors: ACOSTA HOSPITALECHE, CAROLINA, DI CARLO, ULISES
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Università degli Studi di Milano 2012
• Subjects: Eocene; Antarctica; Fossil Penguins; Functional morphology; diving mechanics; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/6016; http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/6016

Penguins have peculiar modifications in their skeletal anatomy as a consequence of their extremely specialized diving habit. Morphological specialization is particularly evident in the forelimb. However, the kinematics of the pectoral girdle appears to be key to the locomotion of penguins. Penguin scapulae have an unusual morphology among birds. Modern penguins have a very large (especially broad) scapula, whereas this bone is long but narrower in basal fossil species. The recent finding of an incomplete scapula with a singular acromion in the Upper Eocene Submeseta Allomember of the La Meseta Formation in the Antarctic Peninsula reveals a scapula proportionally narrower than those of modern penguins but similar to that of Waimanu and possibly other Eocene species. Osteological comparisons and muscular dissections of modern penguins show that the most striking feature is the curvature of the acromion, and the consequent enlargement of the facies articularis clavicularis. The configuration of the acromion and ... : Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 118, No 3 ...