Cold Air Outbreaks

• Main Author: Smith, E (via Mendeley Data)
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Interdisciplinary sciences; Canada; Southern Ocean; North Atlantic; Alaska
• Online Access: http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:nl:ui:13-6p-fhj8; https://easy.dans.knaw.nl/ui/datasets/id/easy-dataset:265149

Overview:This study uses a set of criteria to examine cold air outbreaks (CAOs) across the globe from 1979 – 2018 and to determine how CAOs have changed over the last 40 years. We found CAOs occur most frequently in the Northern Hemisphere, with as many as 8 CAO days per year in North America and Eurasia. CAOs were found to have decreased in size, intensity, frequency, and duration across much of the globe, with the largest decreases in Alaska, Canada, and the North Atlantic, while an increase in CAOs was observed in Eastern Europe, Central Eurasia, and the Southern Ocean. Early and late winter CAOs have also become much less frequent in most regions. Data Used: Two-meter temperature (T2m) data was acquired from the NCEP/NCAR (NNR) climate reanalysis dataset (National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the recently released ERA5 reanalysis data set from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). ERA5 T2m was acquired at a 1 degree spatial resolution on an hourly timescale and converted to daily mean T2m while NNR daily mean T2m was acquired at a T62 gaussian grid (192 longitude and 94 latitude) spatial resolution from 1979 - 2018. CAO Methods:Three criteria for a CAO were designed to capture the most extreme CAOs while being flexible enough to capture the entire evolution of the event. 1.) Magnitude: The magnitude criterion requires the daily mean temperature to be at or below the 2.5th percentile threshold of deseasonalized 2-meter temperature (T2m). The daily mean T2m must also be at or below 20 degrees Celsius with a departure from the climatological mean of at least -2 degrees Celsius. 2.) Spatial Extent: The daily spatial extent, which is a summation of all contiguous grid points that meet the magnitude criteria, must be at least 1,000,000 km2. 3.) Duration: The duration criterion requires the magnitude criterion for the entire CAO be met for at least five consecutive days and begins on the first day in which the spatial ...