Биологическая характеристикаерчаковых рыб рода Myoxocephalus (Cottidae) зал. Петра Великого Японского моря

• Main Authors: Панченко, В., Пущина, О.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Тихоокеанский научно-исследовательский рыбохозяйственный центр» 2004
• Subjects: Snow crab
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/biologicheskaya-harakteristikaerchakovyh-ryb-roda-myoxocephalus-cottidae-zal-petra-velikogo-yaponskogo-morya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/9767780.png

По материалам, полученным в 1990-2002 гг., обобщаются результаты исследований распределения, возраста, роста, размножения, развития и питания обычных для зал. Петра Великого видов керчаков дальневосточного, снежного, керчака-яока и многоиглого, а также приводятся оценки их биомассы и численности. Sculpins of genus Myoxocephalus occupy practically the whole water area of Peter the Great Bay. Frog sculpin and snowy sculpin distribute on shallows, plain sculpin more deeply, and great sculpin is the most deep-water species. With depth of dwelling increasing, the eurybathyal ability of the species rises, but their eurythermal ability falls. Young fish (first-year and immature) live on minimal depths where they are more subjected to seasonal fluctuations of water temperature. The sculpins had a prominent patchiness in their distribution within the limits of favorable depths caused by their attachment to certain bottom grounds and factors of water environment. Plaine sculpin composes > 70 % of the total stock of sculpins in Peter the Great Bay, snowy sculpin has the second place in numbers, but great sculpin in biomass. Frog sculpin is the rare species among sculpins. The growth of sculpins is the most intensive in the first two years of their life. During this period, the growth rate depends directly on the depth of dwelling. At achievement of the length over 20 cm, the growth rate reduces significantly, and decreases further at maturity. Besides, the linear growth is lowered during the cold period of year, and weight growth of mature fish becomes negative in that times. Males of sculpins become mature earlier than females and have shorter their life expectancy. Deep-water species have greater length and age. Spawning of sculpins occurs in early winter. Ultimate fecundity is formed only on IV-V stages of ovary maturities. Each species of sculpins has the certain depth of spawning corresponding with the habitat. Males protect egg layings. Diameter of oocyte varies in similar limits for all four species. Hatching out of sculpins larvae occurs in Peter the Great Bay in April, and the larvae turn from pelagic to ground phase of their development in June. All four species pass to raptorial life on the second year of their life and have similar seasonal dynamics of feeding intensity. A significant part of the diets of plain and great sculpins consists of decapods (snow crab, shrimps) and fish (young herring, arabesque greenling, flatfishes). Degree of dietary overlap of sculpins varies over a wide range and can reach a high level, however, food competition between them is weak due to distinctions in vertical and horizontal distribution.