ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ДАННЫЕ В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ЖИЛИЩНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

• Main Author: МЕЩЕРИН М.Н.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет» 2004
• Subjects: Evenki; Evenk; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/eksperimentalnye-dannye-v-izuchenii-zhilischnyh-konstruktsiy; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/16962826.png

The Upper Paleolithic dwellings of the Asian continent have mainly been discovered in the Eastern territory of Siberia surrounding the Baikal, and in the valley of Chikoy River, Western Trans-Baikal region. A series of constructions of the dwelling type were registered in depositions of accumulative terraces which are dated as late stages of the upper Cryochrone Age, e.g. (Wurm 2 = Sartan 1, 2, 3). The majority of researchers suppose that the architecture and organization of the ancient constructions were analogous to traditional Evenk dwellings. However, according to archaeologists there is a challenge that of the ancient Trans-Baikal dwellings only the hearth and the stone-laying remain intact. Overground elements of dwellings are normally ruined. The most effective method of this study is the reconstruction of the original dwelling. For the recent 20 years participants of Chikoy archeological expedition have been experimenting with the construction of light overground dwellings of the Evenki type in the field. The participants of the experiment build a "primitive" dwelling and live in it during a field study period. Inside an experimental dwelling there are several zones of cultural and economic activities each of them has its own functions. 6 zone of cultural and economic activity have been singled out (picture 1). The observations allowed for the conclusion that the external and internal space of a given dwelling is influenced primarily by socio-cultural stereotypes of its contemporary inhabitants and does not reveal an immediate connection with paleoconstructions. Based on the analysis and conclusions of the experimental construction on Chikoy River, we have determined that the most extensive, and, therefore, maximally informative constructive detail for Paleolithic studies is the ensemble of the "floor" surface and the internal hearth. It is the floor of a chum which is the only element of the construction preserved over the time depending on post-deposit transformations of the habitation surface. Normal mechanisms of precipitation accumulation being effective, anthropogenic surface as well as other lithologic formations can be preserved over a long period. Observations allowed concluding that the floor of an experimental construction is, in fact, a meaningful element of the construction which can and should be prepared, mainly, through archeological excavation methods due to its informative characteristics. The habitation surface is open for diagnosing with a frequently used leveling method.