ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МЕЛКИХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ ПИРОГЕННЫХ СООБЩЕСТВ ТАЙГИ И ЛЕСОСТЕПНЫХ БОРОВ ВОСТОЧНОГО ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ

• Main Author: БАЖЕНОВ ЮРИЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет» 2016
• Subjects: ВТОРИЧНАЯ СУКЦЕССИЯ,ПОЖАР,ГРЫЗУНЫ,ЗЕМЛЕРОЙКИ,MAMMAL,WILDFIRE,RODENTS,SHREWS; taiga; Tundra
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-naseleniya-melkih-mlekopitayuschih-pirogennyh-soobschestv-taygi-i-lesostepnyh-borov-vostochnogo-zabaykalya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/16508190.png

Приведен анализ населения мелких млекопитающих на различных участках нарушенной в результате верховых пожаров территории в ходе пионерной стадии пирогенной сукцессии лесных биоценозов Восточного Забайкалья (Читинский р-н хр. Черского и Ононский р-н федеральный заказник «Цасучейский бор»). Установлено, что уже на второй-третий год восстановительной сукцессии обилие и разнообразие пирогенных сообществмелкихмлекопитающих достигают значений ненарушенных (контрольных) лесных сообществ, а в дальнейшем могут их даже значительно превышать (лесостепной Цасучейский бор). В пионерных пирогенных сообществах на расчищенных гарях, по сравнению с контролем, значительно повышается роль восточноазиатских полевок (Alexandromys) и серых хомячков (Cricetulus), снижается роль красно-серой полевки (Myodes rufocanus). This paper describes the changes in mammal communities after wildfires in the Eastern Transbaikalia. The study was carried out in Chitinsky and Ononsky (Tsasucheisky pine forest Federal Reserve) districts of Zabaikalsky kray (Russia). To capture small mammals, we set pitfall lines with drift ditch (each 50 m long comprising 5 plastic buckets). Lines of snap traps were used as an additional method of rodent trapping. Our study was conducted in the area with recently burned forest (1-7 years after crown fires) and in control areas with unburned forest. In forest-steppe we trapped animals in the bush area (more than 10 years after crown fires in pine forest) too. To asses the species diversity of communities we used the Shannon indices: diversity index and evenness index. Small mammals are almost absent 1-2 years after crown fires. The diversity and abundance of small mammal pioneer pyrogenic communities is comparable to control already starting from the second-third year of progressive succession, and in forest-steppe pine forests even higher. The species of meadow, steppe and bush ecosystems dominate in burnt forest communities but these species (striped (Cricetulus barabensis Pallas, 1773) and transbaikalian hamsters (C. pseudogriseus Iskhakova, 1774), Maximowicz's vole (Alexandromys maximowiczii Schrank, 1859)) dominate in small mammal communities of control unburned forest. We documented significant increases in the relative abundance of Maximowicz's vole, in contrast, significant decreases in gray red-backed (Myodes rufocanus Sundevall, 1846) and northern red-backed voles (M. rutilus Pallas, 1779) in the burnt larch-birch forest 3-7 years after crown fire. A red-backed vole constitutes significant proportions in small mammal communities of burnt forests in taiga. In the burnt steppe pine forest transbaikalian hamster, as well as narrow-headed (Lasiopodomys gregalis Pallas, 1779) and mongolian voles (Alexandromys mongolicus Radde, 1861) form a group of dominant species more than 3 years after crown fire. Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens Laxmann, 1778) is a dominate shrew in both burnt and control larch-birch forests. Eurasian least shrew (S. minutissimus Zimmermann, 1780) is a dominant species of insectivore mammals in steppe pine forests, but after fire tundra shrew (S. tundrensis Merriam, 1900) dominates in burnt areas. Small mammals colonize small (less than 1 kilometer wide) burnt sites of steppe pine forest very fast; pyrogenic communities of 1-2 years old generally correspond to 3-4 year old burnt sites with a large area.