ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ХВОЕ КЕДРА СИБИРСКОГО, КЕДРОВОГО СТЛАНИКА И ГИБРИДОВ МЕЖДУ НИМИ

• Main Authors: Зотикова, Альбина, Васильева, Галина, Бендер, Ольга
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2014
• Subjects: PINUS SIBIRICA DU TOUR,PINUS PUMILA (PALL.) REGEL,ГИБРИДЫ,ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПИГМЕНТЫ,ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ХЛОРОПЛАСТОВ,ТЕМНОВОЕ ДЫХАНИЕ,АКТИВНОСТЬ МАЛАТДЕГИДРОГЕНАЗЫ,HYBRIDS,PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS,CHLOROPLAST FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY,DARK RESPIRATION,MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY; The Needle; taiga
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fotosinteticheskie-i-dyhatelnye-protsessy-v-hvoe-kedra-sibirskogo-kedrovogo-stlanika-i-gibridov-mezhdu-nimi; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15678458.png

Проведено сравнительное исследование фотосинтетических и дыхательных процессов у кедра сибирского (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), кедрового стланика (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) и их естественных гибридов. Показано, что хвоя кедрового стланика текущего года содержала меньше хлорофиллов и каротиноидов по сравнению с кедром сибирским. Подобная закономерность наблюдалась при исследовании функциональной активности изолированных хлоропластов на уровне фотосистемы II, т.е. скорость реакции Хилла у кедрового стланика была ниже, чем у кедра сибирского. По фотосинтетическим параметрам гибриды разделились на две группы, одна из которых проявила большее сходство с кедром сибирским, другая с кедровым стлаником. Скорость темновой эмиссии СО 2 и активность НАД-зависимой малатдегидрогеназы, т.е. процессов, связанных с дыханием, наоборот, были выше у кедрового стланика по сравнению с кедром сибирским. По дыхательным параметрам исследованные гибриды имели показатели, близкие к кедровому стланику. Полученные результаты обсуждаются с точки зрения физиолого-биохимических особенностей хлоропластов и митохондрий у исследованных видов и их гибридов. Natural hybridization is widespread in the plants and plays an important role in the plant evolution. Natural hybrids between Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) were found in the area of the parental species overlapping ranges. Pinus sibirica is upright and P. pumila is a prostrate tree. The hybrids are characterized by the intermediate growth habit, they are not prostrate like P. pumila and their trunks are usually curved in the butt-log part. Moreover, hybrids have purple ripening cones of a similar color to those of P. sibirica, and the hybrid cone size is intermediate if compared to the parental species one. Survival strategies of both species and hybrids are realized, first of all, through specific features of the physiological processes; however, the studies of conifer hybrid functional features are rare and fragmentary. The aim of this work was a comparative study of a number of parameters characterizing photosynthesis and dark respiration of the Siberian stone pine, the Siberian dwarf pine and their natural hybrids. The study was carried out in “Kedr” field station managed by the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (56°13N 84°51E, 78 m above sea level, southeast of the West Siberian Plain, southern taiga). Subjects of the study were the Siberian stone pine, the Siberian dwarf pine and hybrids grafts with the Siberian stone pine as a rootstock. The age of the grafts was 10 years. Photosynthetic pigment content and activity of the electron transport reactions at the level of photosystem II (Hill reaction) were studied to characterize the photosynthesis process. It was shown that the Siberian dwarf pine current-year needle contained less chlorophylls and carotenoids compared with those of the Siberian stone pine. A similar result was observed in the study of the photoreduction rate of potassium ferricyanide by isolated chloroplasts, i.e. the Hill reaction rate in the Siberian dwarf pine was lower than that in the Siberian stone pine. Hybrids were divided into two groups by photosynthetic parameters; the first one was close to the Siberian stone pine, the other to the Siberian dwarf pine. The study of dark respiration included the CO2 emission analysis in the needle and the analysis of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity in buds. Parameters associated with dark respiration were higher in the Siberian dwarf pine in comparison with the Siberian stone pine. Studied hybrids were similar to the Siberian dwarf pine by dark respiration traits. Thus, hybrids combine the genetic material of the parental species and differ from the species both in morphological and physiological traits. It is reasonable to carry out further studies using photosynthesis and respiration parameters along with genetic markers. This will achieve a better understanding of physiological processes in hybrids.