ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ КОСТИ С ВЕРХНЕПАЛЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СТОЯНКИ СУНГИРЬ

• Main Author: Солдатова, Таисия
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2014
• Subjects: СТОЯНКА СУНГИРЬ; РАННИЙ ВЕРХНИЙ ПАЛЕОЛИТ; КОСТЯНАЯ ИНДУСТРИЯ; ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ; Awl; polar fox
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/izdeliya-iz-kosti-s-verhnepaleoliticheskoy-stoyanki-sungir; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15619892.png

Предметом представленного исследования является костяной инвентарь (исключая предметы искусства, в том числе украшения) коллекции верхнепалеолитической стоянки Сунгирь. Ряд категорий заготовок и орудий представлен серией экземпляров из различных типов костного сырья, для создания которых применялся единый комплекс технологических приемов обработки. Технологический анализ представленных в коллекции изделий продемонстрировал широкий спектр используемых на стоянке Сунгирь техник обработки костяного сырья: ударная техника, продольное и поперечное скалывание, поперечный облом по предварительному пропилу, резание, пиление, строгание, нанесение насечек. The subject of the present paper is bone objects from the collection of the open-air site Sungir. The materials of the site have been studied for many years, but nevertheless the vast range of bone objects has never been considered fully. The open-air Upper Paleolithic site Sungir is located near Vladimir, in the basin of the Klyazma River, Russia. It was discovered in 1956. Later excavations were conducted almost annually. For 24 field seasons (1957-2004) an expedition under the leadership of O. Bader, N. Bader and L.A. Mihailova revealed over 4000 square meters of the site area. The majority of radiocarbon dates is ranged from 29000 to 26000 BP. Stone industry is characterized by an original stone assemblage with specific triangle points. Analogous industry is discovered at the sites of the Kostenki-Streletskaya culture at the Middle Don. Moreover, on the Sungir site two burials were opened with remains of four people with a very rich collection of accompanying inventory. The fauna consists mostly of reindeer, mammoth, horse and polar fox. According to the distribution of the material O. Bader reconstructed Sunghir as a seasonal camp that the same group of hunters traditionally visited for many years. Many researchers attribute Sungir to the Kostenki-Streletskaya archaeological culture, and some scientists note in its material the Aurignacian and Szeletian features. As a part of this work a general analysis of bone findings from Sungir was carried out, including technical and typological characteristics (except objects from the burials). 175 objects, of which 98 are bone objects, 28 antler, 49 ivory, were analyzed. It must be noted that the relatively high percentage of objects made from antler (28 objects, or 16% of the total number of the finds from the bone material except personal ornaments and art objects) distinguishes Sungir from other chronologically close sites: the Kostenki-Streletskaya and the Aurignacian archaeological sites of the Russian Plain, on which tooled antler was found either in the minimum number (1-2 objects for the site) or not found at all (Bader 1978). Bone tools, amounting to a total of 18 objects, include retoucher (8), hoe (1), awl (6), butt (1), baguette (3), indeterminable tool (1). Bone was worked mainly by longitudinal and transversal splitting, transverse incision followed bending, scraping, incision and sawing. In general, we can say that the use of bone took place during the time of human habitation on the archaeological site; the bone collection of Sungir is quite monotonous, but we can conclude that the whole cycle of working with bone was performed directly on the investigated territory of the site.