ОРНИТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕХОДНОЙ ЗОНЫ ЛЕСОТУНДРЫ И ТУНДРЫ НА ВОСТОКЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРА

• Main Author: А.Е. Скопин
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства им. Б.М. Житкова Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук 2012
• Subjects: Arctic; Gavia arctica; Larus canus; Melanitta nigra; Numenius phaeopus; Phalaropus lobatus; Pluvialis apricaria; Subarctic; Tundra
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ornitologicheskoe-obsledovanie-perehodnoy-zony-lesotundry-i-tundry-na-vostoke-evropeyskogo-severa; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15541907.png

The transition zone between forest-tundra and tundra in the east of European North is characterized by the dominance of Palearctic bird taxa. In a group of waders the maximum density is achieved by Tringa glareola, Gallinago gallinago, Numenius phaeopus, and on the tundra landscape areas – in Pluvialis apricaria and Calidris minuta. Beside water Phalaropus lobatus, Larus canus, Stercorarius longicaudatus belong to a group of base species. Among waterfowl Melanitta nigra, Anas crecca, Clangula hyemalis and Gavia arctica are encountered more often. In general, density of waterfowl varies from 11 to 16 individuals/1 km2 of water surface. All of these bird species are a background for the transition zone. Large birds are less common in the area of forest habitats than ones in areas of tundra habitats, where are almost all representatives of the Arctic avifauna. Waterfowl has the greatest density of species on the lakes, which are located in the tundra landscapes. The general rule is that the density of waterfowl and waders are 2-6 times higher in areas with a predominance of tundra landscapes. There are rare waders Tringa erythropus and Limosa lapponica as typical subarctic species. Despite the low density, these species are background birds within the transition zone between the south tundra and forest-tundra. In some areas of this zone there is typically arctic species Pluvialis squatarola, which is nesting here. Many passerine birds reach sufficiently high densities. In tundra landscape parts it is Calcarius lapponicus, Emberiza pusilla, Motacilla flava, M. citreola, Acanthis flammea, the latter three species reach the highest density near the boundary of tundra and willow thickets. Polyzonal species Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Luscinia svecica and Phylloscopus trochilus as mass birds which prefer shrub sites in forest tundra or sites along floodplains of streams in the tundra. In the area of forest ecosystems Fringilla montifringilla is rather common. The most valuable ornithological territories in the transition zones are areas of tundra landscapes, which are peat mounds, interspersed with areas of lakes and lichen-, dwarf-, willow-tundra, which serve as breeding sites of many birds, including most of the waders. These areas can be considered as a refuge for many rare species.