Хищные птицы национального парка «Нижняя Кама»

• Main Author: Бекмансуров, Р.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Сибэкоцентр» 2008
• Subjects: ХИЩНЫЕ ПТИЦЫ; ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ; Hen; Kama; Accipiter gentilis; Circus cyaneus; Falco peregrinus; Haliaeetus albicilla; peregrine falcon; White-tailed eagle; osprey; Pandion haliaetus
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/hischnye-ptitsy-natsionalnogo-parka-nizhnyaya-kama; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14793470.png

This report is the result of bird surveys in the territory of the NP Nizhnyaya Kama (NP). We researched ornithofauna, spatial distribution and breeding biology of birds of prey in the territory of NP since 2004 to 2007. NP is located in the north-east of the Republic Tatarstan in the low reaches of the Kama River. The area of the NP is more than 26 thousands hectares. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). The Osprey nesting in the territory of NP was not recorded for the period of research. The migrating Ospreys were observed by us twice: on April, 22nd 2006 and on April, 13th, 2007 from a permanent place of observation on the Kama River bank. The absence of Osprey nesting might be caused by competition with the White-Tailed Eagle and human disturbance. Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). Honey Buzzards were observed in the Big Pine Forest during the breeding season several times. Considering locations and other parameters Two nests that we found in January 2007 seemed to be built by the Honey Buzzard. However the more reliable facts of the Honey Buzzard nesting were not revealed. Black Kite (Milvus migrans) is a common species in the territory of NP. Nests of Black Kites were found in all large forests and in flood-lands. Nesting sites are located in the Kama River valley. 18 nests of Black Kites were found since 2004 to 2007 (Fig.1, points 1, 4, 8, 9, 17, 21, 30, 55, 56, 59, 60, 64, 66-68, 71-73). As a rule the nests were located at the edge of forests close to flood-lands at the distance of 0,1 0,2 km from the Kama River side. Usually nests contained dusters and polyethylene packages. We recorded Black Kites to breed only in found 7 nests in 2006. Also we registered Black Kites nesting in a nest, which earlier has been used by the White-Tailed Eagle (Fig.1, point 62) and also on the artificial nest installed for the White-Tailed Eagle (Fig.1, point 74). The distance between two nearest nesting pairs is 0,5 km. Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus). This species is observed quite often in the territory of NP and on fields and meadows around. Nests have not been found yet in the territory of NP. The nearest to the park nest was observed on the distance of about 3 km from its borders in 2007 (Fig.1, point 19). Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) is regularly observed on count routes in the Kama River flood-lands with frequency of 2 individuals per 10 km. We regularly noted fledglings and can project this species to breed in the territory of NP where there are many suitable places for nesting. Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). 33 nests of Goshawk were found in 16 breeding territories for the period of 2004 2007 (Fig.1, points 5-7, 11-13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37-39, 42, 43-54, 63, 75). A total of 20 pairs are estimated to breed in the territory of NP. We noted from 1 to 4 nests per breeding territory. The minimal distance between two breeding pairs was 1,6 km. The maximal density of breeding pairs was registered in the Tanajsky forest and was 3 pairs per 10 km2. The average brood size is 3 chicks. Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus). This hawk is very seldom registered during count routes. Despite the fact of rare registrations a nest of the Sparrowhawk was found in the Big Pine Forest during detail surveys of dense pine forest fragment (about 1 hectare) aged 30 years (Fig.1, point 40). The remains of a fledgling were found under the nest. Another fledgling was observed near the nest. At the distance of 10 m from the nest we found an old dilapidated nest in the pine that confirmed the fact of long usage of the breeding territory. The similar nest was found in a similar site after the breeding season (Fig.1, point 41). The found breeding territories of the Sparrowhawk are located inside large forests. Rough-Legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus) is noted during migrations. So 2 adults were observed on May, 2006 in the Tanaisky meadows. We noted a bird feeding in a field close to the Tanaisky meadows on August, 2005. Buzzard (Buteo buteo) is a common breeding species registered in all around the territory of NP. Two nests of the Buzzard were found on birches located at the edge of pine forest boarding with a field (Fig.1, points 23, 26) in 2006. Also an active nest was found in a dense pine forest aged about 50 years (Fig.1, point 10) near of the Tanajskiy forest on May 2007. Two chicks were noted in the nest in June 2007. The third chick was found under the nest, it was lost probably because of the insufficient feeding. Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus). The Booted was recorded to nest in the Big Pine forest in 2005 (Nicolenko E.G., Bekmansurov R.H., 2006). However that nest has been abandoned because the death of one partner, remains of which was found near the nest. White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is a breeding species, some birds are wintering. The monitoring of the White-tailed-Eagle nesting is carried out in NP. We found 6 or 8 breeding territories, where the perennial nests are known now (Fig.1, points 2; 14; 22; 31-32; 62; 69). The average distance between the centers of the nearest breeding territories is about 4 km. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Only individuals were observed exactly in the territory of NP on April and May, 2007. The facts of nesting are not confirmed. Hobby (Falco subbuteo) is a breeding species. Noting fledglings and adults with alarmed behavior during count routes we registered 4 breeding territories in points 27; 57; 65; 70. Three of them were located in the coastal zone of woods in NP, one at the edge of forest boarded with a field. A total of 4-10 pairs are projected to breed in the territory of NP. Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is a breeding species that generally occupy old nests of the Hooded Crow. Two nests of the Kestrel were found in 2005. Besides one nest was found in the Big pine forest (Fig.1, point 58) and another in the Tanajsky forest (Fig.1, point 18). Both nests were located on pines on a forested precipice of the Kama River right side. Two another nests were found in 2006. One of them was located on the elm on the slope of the Kama River terrace (Fig.1, point 3), another on a single elm in the central part of the Kama River flood-lands (Fig.1, point 33). We registered 2 clutches in the last nest during last breeding. The nesting was observed in only one breeding territory in 2007 (Fig.1, point 3). This report is the result of bird surveys in the territory of the NP Nizhnyaya Kama (NP). We researched ornithofauna, spatial distribution and breeding biology of birds of prey in the territory of NP since 2004 to 2007. NP is located in the north-east of the Republic Tatarstan in the low reaches of the Kama River. The area of the NP is more than 26 thousands hectares. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). The Osprey nesting in the territory of NP was not recorded for the period of research. The migrating Ospreys were observed by us twice: on April, 22nd 2006 and on April, 13th, 2007 from a permanent place of observation on the Kama River bank. The absence of Osprey nesting might be caused by competition with the White-Tailed Eagle and human disturbance. Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). Honey Buzzards were observed in the Big Pine Forest during the breeding season several times. Considering locations and other parameters Two nests that we found in January 2007 seemed to be built by the Honey Buzzard. However the more reliable facts of the Honey Buzzard nesting were not revealed. Black Kite (Milvus migrans) is a common species in the territory of NP. Nests of Black Kites were found in all large forests and in flood-lands. Nesting sites are located in the Kama River valley. 18 nests of Black Kites were found since 2004 to 2007 (Fig.1, points 1, 4, 8, 9, 17, 21, 30, 55, 56, 59, 60, 64, 66-68, 71-73). As a rule the nests were located at the edge of forests close to flood-lands at the distance of 0,1 0,2 km from the Kama River side. Usually nests contained dusters and polyethylene packages. We recorded Black Kites to breed only in found 7 nests in 2006. Also we registered Black Kites nesting in a nest, which earlier has been used by the White-Tailed Eagle (Fig.1, point 62) and also on the artificial nest installed for the White-Tailed Eagle (Fig.1, point 74). The distance between two nearest nesting pairs is 0,5 km. Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus). This species is observed quite often in the territory of NP and on fields and meadows around. Nests have not been found yet in the territory of NP. The nearest to the park nest was observed on the distance of about 3 km from its borders in 2007 (Fig.1, point 19). Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) is regularly observed on count routes in the Kama River flood-lands with frequency of 2 individuals per 10 km. We regularly noted fledglings and can project this species to breed in the territory of NP where there are many suitable places for nesting. Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). 33 nests of Goshawk were found in 16 breeding territories for the period of 2004 2007 (Fig.1, points 5-7, 11-13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37-39, 42, 43-54, 63, 75). A total of 20 pairs are estimated to breed in the territory of NP. We noted from 1 to 4 nests per breeding territory. The minimal distance between two breeding pairs was 1,6 km. The maximal density of breeding pairs was registered in the Tanajsky forest and was 3 pairs per 10 km2. The average brood size is 3 chicks. Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus). This hawk is very seldom registered during count routes. Despite the fact of rare registrations a nest of the Sparrowhawk was found in the Big Pine Forest during detail surveys of dense pine forest fragment (about 1 hectare) aged 30 years (Fig.1, point 40). The remains of a fledgling were found under the nest. Another fledgling was observed near the nest. At the distance of 10 m from the nest we found an old dilapidated nest in the pine that confirmed the fact of long usage of the breeding territory. The similar nest was found in a similar site after the breeding season (Fig.1, point 41). The found breeding territories of the Sparrowhawk are located inside large forests. Rough-Legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus) is noted during migrations. So 2 adults were observed on May, 2006 in the Tanaisky meadows. We noted a bird feeding in a field close to the Tanaisky meadows on August, 2005. Buzzard (Buteo buteo) is a common breeding species registered in all around the territory of NP. Two nests of the Buzzard were found on birches located at the edge of pine forest boarding with a field (Fig.1, points 23, 26) in 2006. Also an active nest was found in a dense pine forest aged about 50 years (Fig.1, point 10) near of the Tanajskiy forest on May 2007. Two chicks were noted in the nest in June 2007. The third chick was found under the nest, it was lost probably because of the insufficient feeding. Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus). The Booted was recorded to nest in the Big Pine forest in 2005 (Nicolenko E.G., Bekmansurov R.H., 2006). However that nest has been abandoned because the death of one partner, remains of which was found near the nest. White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is a breeding species, some birds are wintering. The monitoring of the White-tailed-Eagle nesting is carried out in NP. We found 6 or 8 breeding territories, where the perennial nests are known now (Fig.1, points 2; 14; 22; 31-32; 62; 69). The average distance between the centers of the nearest breeding territories is about 4 km. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Only individuals were observed exactly in the territory of NP on April and May, 2007. The facts of nesting are not confirmed. Hobby (Falco subbuteo) is a breeding species. Noting fledglings and adults with alarmed behavior during count routes we registered 4 breeding territories in points 27; 57; 65; 70. Three of them were located in the coastal zone of woods in NP, one at the edge of forest boarded with a field. A total of 4-10 pairs are projected to breed in the territory of NP. Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is a breeding species that generally occupy old nests of the Hooded Crow. Two nests of the Kestrel were found in 2005. Besides one nest was found in the Big pine forest (Fig.1, point 58) and another in the Tanajsky forest (Fig.1, point 18). Both nests were located on pines on a forested precipice of the Kama River right side. Two another nests were found in 2006. One of them was located on the elm on the slope of the Kama River terrace (Fig.1, point 3), another on a single elm in the central part of the Kama River flood-lands (Fig.1, point 33). We registered 2 clutches in the last nest during last breeding. The nesting was observed in only one breeding territory in 2007 (Fig.1, point 3).