ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ИХТИОФАУНЫ ВОДОЕМОВ ГЫДАНСКОГО ПОЛУОСТРОВА

• Main Author: Попов, Петр
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2011
• Subjects: СУБАРКТИКА СИБИРИ; ИХТИОФАУНА; ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ИХТИОЦЕНОЗОВ; Tanama; Lota lota; Subarctic; Субарктика; lota; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/harakteristika-ihtiofauny-vodoemov-gydanskogo-poluostrova; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14006414.png

В реках и озерах Гыданского полуострова обитают 22 вида и подвида рыб. По числу видов и удельному весу в промысле доминируют рыбы семейства сиговых наиболее приспособленные к условиям обитания в Субарктике Сибири. Продуктивность ихтиоценозов Гыданского полуострова низка в связи со слаборазвитой кормовой базой рыб, что, в свою очередь, связано с малым количеством солнечной энергии, поступающей в водоемы высоких широт Сибири. Уникальность ихтиоценозов полуострова обусловливает необходимость их изучения и охраны. The Gydansky peninsula, located in the north-east of Western Siberia, is studied badly from the ichthyologic point of view. At the same time, the activization of such forms of economic action here as prospecting and extracting oil and gas, urbanization and fishery cause deterioration of conditions of fish habitats and reduction of their specific variety and number. The hydrographic network of the peninsula is well-developed and presented by dozens of small rivers and numerous shallow lakes of thermokarstic origin. The greatest rivers of the peninsula are the Tanama (length 520 km) and the Yuribei (400 km). The largest lakes have relict-sea genesis and are running and incorporate through rivers with sea waters. The maximum depths in these lakes reach 25-42 m, up to 50-60% of the area of lake bottoms are occupied by sandy and uliginous-sandy deposits, unproductive in the hydrobiological relation. In the hydrochemical relation waters of rivers and lakes of the peninsula are low-mineral (150-200 mg/L), with small maintenance of biogene elements. The maximum temperature of water in rivers of the peninsula does not exceed 20С, in the surface layer of lakes it goes up to 12-15 С. Many lakes of thermokarstic genesis freeze through to the bottom in winter. Extreme conditions of habitation cause low level of development of seaweeds and hydrocoles nonvertebrata in the rivers and lakes of the peninsula and, as a result of this, a forage reserve of fish. For example, the biomass zoobentos in lakes of thermokarstic and relict-sea genesis makes 0,5-1,5 g/m2 during the summer period, in inundated lakes 3,0-3,5 g/m2. Considering all abiotic and biotic characteristics, rivers and lakes of the peninsula are oligotrophic. In rivers and lakes of the peninsula live 22 species and subspecies of fish, with the species number domination (8) of Coregonidae family, the most adapted to the conditions in Subarctic region of Siberia. Four species of fishes of this family: Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758), C. nasus (Pallas, 1776), C. peled (Gmelin, 1789) and C. sardinella Valenciennes, 1848, make the basis of fishery. The appreciable specific weight in fishing is occupied by Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lotidae family). Other species of fish of the peninsula are either small or rare. Judging by the data of fishery statistics, the efficiency of rivers and lakes of this region of Western Siberia is low and makes 2-3 kg of fish per hectare. However the uniqueness of ichthyocenosis and gidrobiocenosis of waters of the peninsula cause the necessity of their studying and protection.