РЕЛЬЕФ ДАРХАТСКОЙ КОТЛОВИНЫ

• Main Author: Нямхуу, Мянганбуу
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2012
• Subjects: РЕЛЬЕФ; МЕЖГОРНАЯ КОТЛОВИНА; ПАЛЕОГЕОГРАФИЯ; Ula; taiga; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/relief-darhatskoy-kotloviny; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14002424.png

Рассмотрены основные характеристики рельефа Дархатской котловины, и палеогеографические аспекты её развития. Эта котловина является одной из крупных тектонических котловин Северной Монголии, она интенсивно осваивается человеком. The Darkhat Depression, one of the greatest depressions situated in the northern part of Mongolia, was the floor of an ancient lake in the Quaternary. At present, it is an interesting geomorphological research area where varied relief forms of different geneses occur. The absolute heights within this depression vary from 1,540 to 1,600 m. This paper deals with the principal characteristics of the Darkhat Depression and palaeogeographic aspects of its development. The paper is based on the analysis of the literary contributions and the present author's expeditionary research on the depression relief during 2003-2006. In the field studies, the primary data on the relief and processes of the depression relief-formation (near 100 km of the total route was passed and forty points were described). Moreover, in the work, topographic maps of scale 1:100,000, geological map of scale 1:500,000, the satellite Landsat-7 multichannel photos were used, the digital relief model was constructed according to SRTM (AsterDEM 30 m). The analysis of the depression relief was performed applying the program ArcGIS; the steepness, exposition, relative height of the territory, its horizontal ruggedness were established. The Darkhat Depression, stretching over 120 km from north to south and 40-50 km from west to east, is surrounded by high mountain ridges: KhardylSardyk and Bayan-Ula, the Shishkhid Upland (Ulan-Taiga) and others. The absolute heights of the ridges vary from 2,000 to 4,000 m. The following genetic relief types are distinguished within the Darkhat Depression: glacial, limnic, eolian, alluvial-proluvial, alluvial, cryogenic, phytogenic and anthropogenic. In the Late Pleistocene, ridges surrounding the depression were exposed to glaciation of the glen character. Terminal moraines of the Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Darkhat Depression are well-defined in the outflow of the rivers Khugein-Gol and Dzharain-Gol from mountains. The Darkhat Depression, as well as the majority of the mountain troughs in the south Siberia and Northern Mongolia, has gone through the "lacustrine" stage of development, which spanned the period from the Eopleistocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene with interruptions. The reasons of the lakes formation include both the tectonic (warping of depressions) and climatic factors (glaciations and interglacials). The complicated combination of them within the Darkhat Depression governed the specific history of the development of the paleolacustrine reservoir in this region and also the formation of its modern relief.