ВЕСЕННЯЯ МИГРАЦИЯ КРАЧЕК НА ЮГО-ВОСТОКЕ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ (ТОМСКОЕ ПРИОБЬЕ)

• Main Author: Тютеньков, Олег
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2010
• Subjects: КРАЧКИ; ВЕСЕННЯЯ МИГРАЦИЯ; ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ; CH. LEUCOPTERUS; S. PARADISAEA; S. ALBIFRONS; Common tern; ob river; Sterna hirundo; Sterna paradisaea; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vesennyaya-migratsiya-krachek-na-yugo-vostoke-zapadnoy-sibiri-tomskoe-priobie; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/13983794.png

На весеннем пролете в 1998-2004 гг. зарегистрировано 5 видов крачек: Chlidonias niger, Ch. leucopterus, Sterna hirundo, S. paradisaea, S. albifrons. Наиболее значительная «русловая» миграция на территории наблюдается в пойме основной водной артерии р. Оби. Приводятся данные по фенологии прилета и массового пролета, количеству волн и пикам миграции, их пространственной неоднородности. Миграция характеризуется низкой суммарной интенсивностью 0,97 ос./ч и доминированием речной крачки. Daily observations of the visible spring migration were conducted at observation posts during 1998-2004. Sterna hirundo, Chlidonias niger, Ch. leucopterus dominated according to the number (in decreasing order). Sterna albifrons was a common species. Sterna paradisaea was a rare species. On the whole territory of the Tom-Ob river region the journey annually begins in the 1st or the 2nd decade of May. The common tern came first on the 4-20th of May. The black and the little terns appeared 1-19 days later (1326.V and 13.V-1.VI respectively). The white-winged tern usually arrived 1-9 days later than the black tern (17-28.V). There was a natural offset of the arrival dates from south to north. Migration was characterized by low intensity 0,97 ind./hour. On the whole the high-water beds of rivers at the same latitude dont differ in the intensity of the journey. The influence of weather factors on the migration of terns was less important than on other waterfowl birds. The mass flight of the early arriving common tern happens in 110 days, on the third day on average, after the appearance of first birds. For the lateflying migrants it begins immediately on arrival day. Migration of terns is undulating. There were 3 waves of the journey in the high-water bed of the Tom river and 1 wave with 3 tops in the floodplain of the Ob river. All waves were registered in a very short period during the II-III decades of May. There were some flight peaks. Their number increased in the high-water bed of the Ob river in comparison with the Tom river (35 and 1-3 correspondingly). Migration intensity in such days was up to 10,0 ind./hour. In these days up to 100 % individuals of the black and the white-winged terns, 38-83% of the little tern and 27-67% of the common tern flew. The congregation of resting birds on lakes and ponds shows that the little tern migrates daytime, the black and the whitewinged terns at night and the common tern both day and night. Migration of the whole tern group lasts 20 days but the common tern flies in 19 days, the black tern 12 days, the white-winged tern 10 days, the little tern 14 days (in the floodplain of the Tom river). Phenology dates of migrations in the forest-steppe and forest zone of Western Siberia were similar. However, the journey intensity in the forest zone was smaller. The common terns intensity was 2 times less, the white-winged terns 10 times. The scale of the Tom-Ob river region migration was less since more birds stayed nesting in Baraba depression.