Оценка качества лососевидных рыб из различных водотоков р. Амур по микробиологическим показателям

• Main Author: Чухлебова, Л.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Тихоокеанский научно-исследовательский рыбохозяйственный центр» 2007
• Subjects: Keta; Thymallus arcticus
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-kachestva-lososevidnyh-ryb-iz-razlichnyh-vodotokov-r-amur-po-mikrobiologicheskim-pokazatelyam; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/11898459.png

Работа посвящена проблемам качества ценных видов рыб в связи с загрязнением р. Амур органическими веществами различного происхождения. Дается анализ состояния проходных и пресноводных рыб из семейств лососевых (кета, ленок) и хариусовых (хариус) по микробиологическим показателям. Анализ микробной обсемененности мышечной ткани осенней кеты показал доминирование условно патогенных бактерий при количестве мезофильных аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов, не превышающем нормативные требования. Микробиологическая оценка качества ленков и хариусов из чистых водотоков показала их соответствие стандарту качества, предъявляемому к свежевыловленной рыбе. According to data of microbiological analyses of water, the Amur is characterized as "polluted river" or sometimes as "high polluted river". Fish are supposed as more sensitive component of aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, they are able to accumulate anthropogenic impacts during a long time because of their long life cycle. Muscular tissues and gills of salmons from different streams of the Amur basin are investigated for description of ecological situation in the river. Three species were tested: Oncorhynchus keta and Brachymystax lenok belonged to Salmonidae family and Thymallus arcticus grubei from family Thymallidae. General occupancy of microorganisms in the fish muscular tissue was characterized by NMAOpAn method with determining a number of mesophilic aerobic and optional-anaerobic microorganisms, and a number of heterotrophic (HT) and pnenol-resistant (PhR) bacteria was used as an index of microorganisms abundance in the gills. The O. keta both from the main channel and tributaries of the Amur showed poor quality of muscular tissue by the chosen microbiological parameters. Number of bacterial cells exceeded 50, the tissue consistence and pH were abnormal because of nitrogenous bases accumulation, the tissue was softened and stratified, the bones bared easily. The high degree of bacterial pollution here was caused by natural physiological condition of the fish that were weakened after long migration and overcoming of numerous stressful obstacles. The microorganisms introduced into muscular tissue both through external covers and through gills, which also contained a high number of HT and PhR bacteria. The number of PhR bacteria on gills of the fish from the main channel was considerably higher than in tributaries because of high pollution of surfactants, including aromatic hydrocarbons. In opposite, the microbiological parameters of the fish from tributaries met the quality standards. B. lenok from the Manoma River had better quality of muscular tissue by microbiological parameters, obviously because of cleaner water in this river. Low number of HT and PhR bacteria on the gills allowed to assume that the water environment was insignificantly polluted by aromatic hydrocarbons. Microbiological parameters of T. grubei, his competitor in other tributary of the Amur the Anyuj River, also met the quality standards for fish. The gills of thimallus had insignificant number of HT and PhR bacteria. Thus, microbiological condition of muscular tissue and gills of Salmoniformes fishes was worse (high number of HT and PhR bacteria) in the waters polluted by organic substances. These environments are typical for the main channel of the Amur where O. keta had their migrations. Organic substances less polluted some tributaries of the Amur, as the Manoma and Anyuj Rivers, so microbiological condition of muscular tissue and gills of the fish was better there.