Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube
Over 5000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheri...
Published in: | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28575 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 |
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ftcurtin:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/28575 2023-06-11T04:16:46+02:00 Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. Becker, K. Benabderrahmane, M. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. Bohm, C. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Buitink, S. Carson, Michael Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Colnard, C. Cowen, D. D'Agostino, M. Danninger, M. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Díaz-Vélez, J. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. Duvoort, M. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. Engdegård, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. Fox, B. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Geisler, M. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Groß, A. Grullon, S. Gunasingha, R. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hasegawa, Y. Haugen, J. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. Hoffman, K. Homeier, A. 2010 restricted https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28575 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 unknown Elsevier http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28575 doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 Journal Article 2010 ftcurtin https://doi.org/20.500.11937/2857510.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 2023-05-30T19:35:02Z Over 5000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-in. diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Curtin University: espace South Pole Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 618 1-3 139 152 |
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Curtin University: espace |
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Over 5000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-in. diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. Becker, K. Benabderrahmane, M. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. Bohm, C. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Buitink, S. Carson, Michael Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Colnard, C. Cowen, D. D'Agostino, M. Danninger, M. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Díaz-Vélez, J. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. Duvoort, M. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. Engdegård, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. Fox, B. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Geisler, M. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Groß, A. Grullon, S. Gunasingha, R. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hasegawa, Y. Haugen, J. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. Hoffman, K. Homeier, A. |
spellingShingle |
Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. Becker, K. Benabderrahmane, M. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. Bohm, C. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Buitink, S. Carson, Michael Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Colnard, C. Cowen, D. D'Agostino, M. Danninger, M. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Díaz-Vélez, J. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. Duvoort, M. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. Engdegård, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. Fox, B. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Geisler, M. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Groß, A. Grullon, S. Gunasingha, R. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hasegawa, Y. Haugen, J. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. Hoffman, K. Homeier, A. Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube |
author_facet |
Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. Becker, K. Benabderrahmane, M. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. Bohm, C. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Buitink, S. Carson, Michael Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Colnard, C. Cowen, D. D'Agostino, M. Danninger, M. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Díaz-Vélez, J. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. Duvoort, M. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. Engdegård, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. Fox, B. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Geisler, M. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Groß, A. Grullon, S. Gunasingha, R. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hasegawa, Y. Haugen, J. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. Hoffman, K. Homeier, A. |
author_sort |
Abbasi, R. |
title |
Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube |
title_short |
Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube |
title_full |
Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube |
title_fullStr |
Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube |
title_full_unstemmed |
Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube |
title_sort |
calibration and characterization of the icecube photomultiplier tube |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28575 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28575 doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11937/2857510.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102 |
container_title |
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
container_volume |
618 |
container_issue |
1-3 |
container_start_page |
139 |
op_container_end_page |
152 |
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1768375372832833536 |