Probing Iceland's dust-emitting sediments: Particle size distribution, mineralogy, cohesion, Fe mode of occurrence, and reflectance spectra signatures

• Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• Main Authors: González-Romero, Adolfo, González-Flórez, Cristina, Panta, Agnesh, Yus-Díez, Jesús, Córdoba, Patricia, Alastuey, Andrés, Moreno, Natalia, Kandler, Konrad, Klose, Martina, Clark, Roger N., Ehlmann, Bethany L., Greenberger, Rebecca N., Keebler, Abigail M., Brodrick, Phil, Green, Robert O., Querol, Xavier, Pérez García-Pando, Carlos
• Other Authors: European Commision, orcid:
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: American Geosciences Union 2024
• Subjects: Dust; Pollution; Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; Make cities and human settlements inclusive; safe; resilient and sustainable; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/361903; https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024; https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85196257982

Characterising the physico-chemical properties of dust-emitting sediments in arid regions is fundamental to understanding the effects of dust on climate and ecosystems. However, knowledge regarding highlatitude dust (HLD) remains limited. This study focuses on analysing the particle size distribution (PSD), mineralogy, cohesion, iron (Fe) mode of occurrence, and visible-near infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra of dustemitting sediments from dust hotspots in Iceland (HLD region). Extensive analysis was conducted on samples of top sediments, sediments, and aeolian ripples collected from seven dust sources, with particular emphasis on the Jökulsá basin, encompassing the desert of Dyngjunsandur. Both fully and minimally dispersed PSDs and their respective mass median particle diameters revealed remarkable similarities (56±69 and 55±62 μm, respectively). Mineralogical analyses indicated the prevalence of amorphous phases (68±26 %), feldspars (17±13 %), and pyroxenes (9.3±7.2 %), consistent with thorough analyses of VNIR reflectance spectra. The Fe content reached 9.5±0.40 wt %, predominantly within silicate structures (80±6.3 %), complemented by magnetite (16±5.5 %), hematite/goethite (4.5±2.7 %), and readily exchangeable Fe ions or Fe nano-oxides (1.6±0.63 %). Icelandic top sediments exhibited coarser PSDs compared to the high dust-emitting crusts from mid-latitude arid regions, distinctive mineralogy, and a 3-fold bulk Fe content, with a significant presence of magnetite. The congruence between fully and minimally dispersed PSDs underscores reduced particle aggregation and cohesion of Icelandic top sediments, suggesting that aerodynamic entrainment of dust could also play a role upon emission in this region, alongside saltation bombardment. The extensive analysis in Dyngjusandur enabled the development of a conceptual model to encapsulate Iceland's rapidly evolving high dust-emitting environments. This research has been supported by the European Research Council, EU H2020 European Research Council (grant no. ...