Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Fish farming is the fastest growing food production sector worldwide and now accounts for most human fish consumption. Expansion of finfish aquaculture...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/361260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 |
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/361260 2024-09-09T19:30:38+00:00 Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient Szewczyk, Tim M. Morro, Bernat Díaz-Gil, Carlos Gillibrand, Philip A. Hardwick, Jon P. Davidson, Keith Aleynik, Dmitry Rey Planellas, Sònia UK Research and Innovation Díaz-Gil, Carlos Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas https://ror.org/02gfc7t72 2024-01-30 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10261/361260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 en eng Elsevier BV Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 Sí Aquaculture 579: 740184 (2024) 0044-8486 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/361260 doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 1873-5622 open Sea lice Gill health Mortality Environmental drivers Bayesian artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 2024 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 2024-06-26T00:01:43Z © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Fish farming is the fastest growing food production sector worldwide and now accounts for most human fish consumption. Expansion of finfish aquaculture to exposed offshore marine environments is appealing where additional sheltered areas are unavailable. While more energetic environments may reduce waste accumulation and parasite exposure, effects on fish health and wellbeing are largely speculative. The multiple stressors faced by fish on offshore farms may interact synergistically and increase their cumulative impact. We used 20 months of health and welfare data from eight Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sea pen farms in Scotland along a wave exposure gradient to assess the effects of, and interactions between, environmental variables and management treatments on fish mortality and parasite loads. While farms showed high variability in mortality rate and sea lice infections, multi-level Bayesian modelling indicated that wave exposure primarily modulated effects of other variables. Higher exposure farms showed steeper increases in mortality with time and with extreme temperatures. Similarly, sea lice infections tended to increase with time, with higher exposure farms seeing steeper increases at higher Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) scores and at high temperatures. The effect of AGD was greater at slow water speeds. Treatments against parasites were more frequent at low exposure farms, leading to uncertainty in their impact on welfare across farms. The support for interactive effects of wave exposure with other variables rather than strong direct effects suggests an accumulation of chronic and acute stressors. Expansion of aquaculture to more energetic offshore environments may have negative impacts on fish health in some circumstances, requiring adaptation of practices. In particular, the stronger increase in mortality over time may have implications for cycle length ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) Aquaculture 579 740184 |
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Open Polar |
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Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
op_collection_id |
ftcsic |
language |
English |
topic |
Sea lice Gill health Mortality Environmental drivers Bayesian |
spellingShingle |
Sea lice Gill health Mortality Environmental drivers Bayesian Szewczyk, Tim M. Morro, Bernat Díaz-Gil, Carlos Gillibrand, Philip A. Hardwick, Jon P. Davidson, Keith Aleynik, Dmitry Rey Planellas, Sònia Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
topic_facet |
Sea lice Gill health Mortality Environmental drivers Bayesian |
description |
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Fish farming is the fastest growing food production sector worldwide and now accounts for most human fish consumption. Expansion of finfish aquaculture to exposed offshore marine environments is appealing where additional sheltered areas are unavailable. While more energetic environments may reduce waste accumulation and parasite exposure, effects on fish health and wellbeing are largely speculative. The multiple stressors faced by fish on offshore farms may interact synergistically and increase their cumulative impact. We used 20 months of health and welfare data from eight Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sea pen farms in Scotland along a wave exposure gradient to assess the effects of, and interactions between, environmental variables and management treatments on fish mortality and parasite loads. While farms showed high variability in mortality rate and sea lice infections, multi-level Bayesian modelling indicated that wave exposure primarily modulated effects of other variables. Higher exposure farms showed steeper increases in mortality with time and with extreme temperatures. Similarly, sea lice infections tended to increase with time, with higher exposure farms seeing steeper increases at higher Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) scores and at high temperatures. The effect of AGD was greater at slow water speeds. Treatments against parasites were more frequent at low exposure farms, leading to uncertainty in their impact on welfare across farms. The support for interactive effects of wave exposure with other variables rather than strong direct effects suggests an accumulation of chronic and acute stressors. Expansion of aquaculture to more energetic offshore environments may have negative impacts on fish health in some circumstances, requiring adaptation of practices. In particular, the stronger increase in mortality over time may have implications for cycle length ... |
author2 |
UK Research and Innovation Díaz-Gil, Carlos Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas https://ror.org/02gfc7t72 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Szewczyk, Tim M. Morro, Bernat Díaz-Gil, Carlos Gillibrand, Philip A. Hardwick, Jon P. Davidson, Keith Aleynik, Dmitry Rey Planellas, Sònia |
author_facet |
Szewczyk, Tim M. Morro, Bernat Díaz-Gil, Carlos Gillibrand, Philip A. Hardwick, Jon P. Davidson, Keith Aleynik, Dmitry Rey Planellas, Sònia |
author_sort |
Szewczyk, Tim M. |
title |
Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
title_short |
Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
title_full |
Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
title_fullStr |
Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
title_sort |
interactive effects of multiple stressors with significant wave height exposure on farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) welfare along an inshore-offshore gradient |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/361260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 Sí Aquaculture 579: 740184 (2024) 0044-8486 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/361260 doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 1873-5622 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740184 |
container_title |
Aquaculture |
container_volume |
579 |
container_start_page |
740184 |
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1809899631794978816 |