Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain
Human-wildlife coexistence is important for a sustainable relationship between humans and the natural environment. However, human activities often act as a disturbance to wild animals, which may show behavioural shifts indicating human avoidance. For large carnivores, which are prone to conflict wit...
Published in: | European Journal of Wildlife Research |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/336871 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 |
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/336871 2024-02-11T10:02:48+01:00 Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain Vicedo, Toni Meloro, Carlo Penteriani, Vincenzo García, Jesús T. Lamillar, María Ángel Marsella, Elena Gómez, Pablo Cruz, Antonio Cano, Borja Varás, Manuel Jesús Álvarez, Elena Dalerum, Fredrik Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas 2023-09-07 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/336871 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 en eng Springer Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 Sí European Journal of Wildlife Research 69: 100 (2023) 1612-4642 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/336871 doi:10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 1439-0574 open Temporal niche use Camera trapping Human disturbance Human-wildlife conflict Large carnivores Occupancy Cantabria artículo 2023 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 2024-01-16T11:53:47Z Human-wildlife coexistence is important for a sustainable relationship between humans and the natural environment. However, human activities often act as a disturbance to wild animals, which may show behavioural shifts indicating human avoidance. For large carnivores, which are prone to conflict with many human interests, coexistence with humans can be particularly challenging. We used long-term camera trap data to evaluate seasonal and diel variations in activity of two large carnivores, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus), as well as humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. Brown bears were less active in winter than in summer; the opposite was observed for wolves, whereas there was limited seasonal variation in human activity. On a diel scale, both bears and wolves were mostly crepuscular during summer and had less distinct, but generally more nocturnal activity during winter. Humans were strictly diurnal during both seasons. We suggest that the diel activity of bears and wolves was partially caused by human avoidance, but that seasonal variations in both overall and diel activity were mainly caused by ecological and physiological factors. While we suggest that the observed similarity in diel activity of bears and wolves did not have caused strong competition between these two species, it may have influenced interactions with other predators and prey. Since such interactions are likely to be context dependent, we urge for further studies evaluating how humans influence the behaviour of large carnivores across different spatio-temporal scales. · Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding was provided by the Yo Investigo program by the Spanish National Research Council. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Ursus arctos Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) European Journal of Wildlife Research 69 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
op_collection_id |
ftcsic |
language |
English |
topic |
Temporal niche use Camera trapping Human disturbance Human-wildlife conflict Large carnivores Occupancy Cantabria |
spellingShingle |
Temporal niche use Camera trapping Human disturbance Human-wildlife conflict Large carnivores Occupancy Cantabria Vicedo, Toni Meloro, Carlo Penteriani, Vincenzo García, Jesús T. Lamillar, María Ángel Marsella, Elena Gómez, Pablo Cruz, Antonio Cano, Borja Varás, Manuel Jesús Álvarez, Elena Dalerum, Fredrik Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain |
topic_facet |
Temporal niche use Camera trapping Human disturbance Human-wildlife conflict Large carnivores Occupancy Cantabria |
description |
Human-wildlife coexistence is important for a sustainable relationship between humans and the natural environment. However, human activities often act as a disturbance to wild animals, which may show behavioural shifts indicating human avoidance. For large carnivores, which are prone to conflict with many human interests, coexistence with humans can be particularly challenging. We used long-term camera trap data to evaluate seasonal and diel variations in activity of two large carnivores, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus), as well as humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. Brown bears were less active in winter than in summer; the opposite was observed for wolves, whereas there was limited seasonal variation in human activity. On a diel scale, both bears and wolves were mostly crepuscular during summer and had less distinct, but generally more nocturnal activity during winter. Humans were strictly diurnal during both seasons. We suggest that the diel activity of bears and wolves was partially caused by human avoidance, but that seasonal variations in both overall and diel activity were mainly caused by ecological and physiological factors. While we suggest that the observed similarity in diel activity of bears and wolves did not have caused strong competition between these two species, it may have influenced interactions with other predators and prey. Since such interactions are likely to be context dependent, we urge for further studies evaluating how humans influence the behaviour of large carnivores across different spatio-temporal scales. · Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding was provided by the Yo Investigo program by the Spanish National Research Council. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vicedo, Toni Meloro, Carlo Penteriani, Vincenzo García, Jesús T. Lamillar, María Ángel Marsella, Elena Gómez, Pablo Cruz, Antonio Cano, Borja Varás, Manuel Jesús Álvarez, Elena Dalerum, Fredrik |
author_facet |
Vicedo, Toni Meloro, Carlo Penteriani, Vincenzo García, Jesús T. Lamillar, María Ángel Marsella, Elena Gómez, Pablo Cruz, Antonio Cano, Borja Varás, Manuel Jesús Álvarez, Elena Dalerum, Fredrik |
author_sort |
Vicedo, Toni |
title |
Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain |
title_short |
Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain |
title_full |
Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain |
title_fullStr |
Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain |
title_sort |
temporal activity patterns of bears, wolves and humans in the cantabrian mountains, northern spain |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/336871 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 |
genre |
Canis lupus Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus Ursus arctos |
op_relation |
Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 Sí European Journal of Wildlife Research 69: 100 (2023) 1612-4642 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/336871 doi:10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 1439-0574 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01728-5 |
container_title |
European Journal of Wildlife Research |
container_volume |
69 |
container_issue |
5 |
_version_ |
1790598854743162880 |