Distribution maps of cetacean and seabird populations in the North‐East Atlantic

• Published in: Journal of Applied Ecology
• Main Authors: Waggitt, J., Evans, Peter, Andrade, J., Banks, A., Boisseau, Oliver, Bolton, M., Bradbury, G., Brereton, T., Fauchald, P., Felce, T., Fijn, R., Geelhoed, S., Gilles, A., Goodall, M., Haelters, J., Hall, K., Hamilton, S., Hammond, Philip, Hartney-Mills, L., Hodgins, N., Kavanagh, A.S., Lewis, Mark, Lohrengel, K., Louzao-Arsuaga, Maite, Markones, N., Martínez-Cedeira, José Antonio, O’Cadhla, O., Perry, S.L., Pierce, Graham John, Ridoux, Vincent, Robinson, K., Santos, María Begoña, Saavedra, Camilo, Sveegaard, S., Thompson, P., Vanerman, N., Wall, D., Wilson, J., Wanless, S., Hiddink, J.G.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo; Bay of Biscay; Medio Marino; Celtic Sea; detection function models; English Channel; Hebrides; Irish Sea; North Sea; species distribution models; maps; ecology; distribution; Cetology; North East Atlantic
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11998; http://hdl.handle.net/10261/324042; https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13525

1. Distribution maps of cetaceans and seabirds at basin and monthly scales are needed for conservation and marine management. These are usually created from standardized and systematic aerial and vessel surveys, with recorded animal den- sities interpolated across study areas. However, distribution maps at basin and monthly scales have previously not been possible because individual surveys have restricted spatial and temporal coverage. 2. This study develops an alternative approach consisting of: (a) collating diverse survey data to maximize spatial and temporal coverage, (b) using detection func- tions to estimate variation in the surface area covered (km2) among these surveys, standardizing measurements of effort and animal densities, and (c) developing species distribution models (SDM) that overcome issues with heterogeneous and uneven coverage. 3. 2.68 million km of survey data in the North-East Atlantic between 1980 and 2018 were collated and standardized. SDM using Generalized Linear Models and General Estimating Equations in a hurdle approach were developed. Distribution maps were then created for 12 cetacean and 12 seabird species at 10 km and monthly resolution. Qualitative and quantitative assessment indicated good model performance. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study provides the largest ever collation and standardization of diverse survey data for cetaceans and seabirds, and the most comprehensive distribution maps of these taxa in the North-East Atlantic. These distribution maps have numerous applications including the identification of im- portant areas needing protection, and the quantification of overlap between vul- nerable species and anthropogenic activities. This study demonstrates how the analysis of existing and diverse survey data can meet conservation and marine management needs. SI