Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans
The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infect...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318197 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/318197 2024-02-11T09:55:54+01:00 Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, Jesús María Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos Manuel Sala, María Montserrat Océan antarctique Antarctic Ocean Océano Antártico 2021 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318197 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 en eng Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias AM Microorganisms, 9,317. 2021: 1-22 2076-2607 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318197 doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020317 22557 open Medio Marino Prokaryotes Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans research article 2021 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 2024-01-16T11:45:03Z The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column SI Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctique* Arctic Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Arctic Microorganisms 9 2 317 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
op_collection_id |
ftcsic |
language |
English |
topic |
Medio Marino Prokaryotes Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans |
spellingShingle |
Medio Marino Prokaryotes Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, Jesús María Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos Manuel Sala, María Montserrat Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
topic_facet |
Medio Marino Prokaryotes Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans |
description |
The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column SI |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, Jesús María Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos Manuel Sala, María Montserrat |
author_facet |
Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, Jesús María Agustí, Susana Duarte, Carlos Manuel Sala, María Montserrat |
author_sort |
Vaqué, Dolors |
title |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_short |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_full |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_sort |
enhanced viral activity in the surface microlayer of the arctic and antarctic oceans |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318197 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
op_coverage |
Océan antarctique Antarctic Ocean Océano Antártico |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctique* Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctique* Arctic |
op_relation |
Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias AM Microorganisms, 9,317. 2021: 1-22 2076-2607 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318197 doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020317 22557 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
container_title |
Microorganisms |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
317 |
_version_ |
1790599416817647616 |