Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
The global upper ocean has been warming during the last decades accompanied with a chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and productivity decrease. Whereas subtropical gyres show similar trends, Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are thought to increase in productivity due to increased trade winds. This study analy...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11572 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318138 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017268 |
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/318138 2024-02-11T10:06:19+01:00 Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Siemer, J.P. Machín, F. González-Vega, Alba Arrieta, Jesús María Gutiérrez-Guerra, M.A. Pérez-Hernández, María Dolores Vélez-Belchí, Pedro Hernández-Guerra, Alonso Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio 2021 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11572 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318138 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017268 en eng Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias AM Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126. 2021: 1-20 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11572 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318138 doi:10.1029/2021JC017268 22555 open Medio Marino Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias fish trade winds ocean circulation upper ocean global warming research article 2021 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017268 2024-01-16T11:45:00Z The global upper ocean has been warming during the last decades accompanied with a chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and productivity decrease. Whereas subtropical gyres show similar trends, Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are thought to increase in productivity due to increased trade winds. This study analyzes recent trends in sea surface temperature (SST), Chl-a, net primary production (NPP) and meridional wind stress in the Eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASE) in order to examine if the global trends can be detected in open ocean and upwelling areas and how the ocean biota responds. Satellite data of such variables of the last 15–40 years were analyzed to calculate mean trends in upwelling areas in the Canary upwelling system and open ocean areas around the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Our results show significant warming in the area with a maximum of 2.7°C per century for the Azores. Moreover, a general decreasing trend for Chl-a and NPP seems to be more evident in the permanent upwelling areas, which will be responsible for a loss of 0.13% of the global NPP per century. Our results also highlight a significant expansion of the oceanic desert area of 10% with an increase in unproductive days of up to 84 days in the last 20 years. The competitive relationship of stratification and wind stress in the Canary upwelling system might be a more plausible explanation for the decrease in Chl-a and NPP in upwelling areas linked to the increase in upwelling favorable wind stress and the surface warming. SI Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
op_collection_id |
ftcsic |
language |
English |
topic |
Medio Marino Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias fish trade winds ocean circulation upper ocean global warming |
spellingShingle |
Medio Marino Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias fish trade winds ocean circulation upper ocean global warming Siemer, J.P. Machín, F. González-Vega, Alba Arrieta, Jesús María Gutiérrez-Guerra, M.A. Pérez-Hernández, María Dolores Vélez-Belchí, Pedro Hernández-Guerra, Alonso Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
topic_facet |
Medio Marino Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias fish trade winds ocean circulation upper ocean global warming |
description |
The global upper ocean has been warming during the last decades accompanied with a chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and productivity decrease. Whereas subtropical gyres show similar trends, Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are thought to increase in productivity due to increased trade winds. This study analyzes recent trends in sea surface temperature (SST), Chl-a, net primary production (NPP) and meridional wind stress in the Eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASE) in order to examine if the global trends can be detected in open ocean and upwelling areas and how the ocean biota responds. Satellite data of such variables of the last 15–40 years were analyzed to calculate mean trends in upwelling areas in the Canary upwelling system and open ocean areas around the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Our results show significant warming in the area with a maximum of 2.7°C per century for the Azores. Moreover, a general decreasing trend for Chl-a and NPP seems to be more evident in the permanent upwelling areas, which will be responsible for a loss of 0.13% of the global NPP per century. Our results also highlight a significant expansion of the oceanic desert area of 10% with an increase in unproductive days of up to 84 days in the last 20 years. The competitive relationship of stratification and wind stress in the Canary upwelling system might be a more plausible explanation for the decrease in Chl-a and NPP in upwelling areas linked to the increase in upwelling favorable wind stress and the surface warming. SI |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Siemer, J.P. Machín, F. González-Vega, Alba Arrieta, Jesús María Gutiérrez-Guerra, M.A. Pérez-Hernández, María Dolores Vélez-Belchí, Pedro Hernández-Guerra, Alonso Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio |
author_facet |
Siemer, J.P. Machín, F. González-Vega, Alba Arrieta, Jesús María Gutiérrez-Guerra, M.A. Pérez-Hernández, María Dolores Vélez-Belchí, Pedro Hernández-Guerra, Alonso Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio |
author_sort |
Siemer, J.P. |
title |
Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
title_short |
Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
title_full |
Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
title_fullStr |
Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
title_sort |
recent trends in sst, chl-a, productivity and wind stress in upwelling and open ocean areas in the upper eastern north atlantic subtropical gyre |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11572 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318138 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017268 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias AM Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126. 2021: 1-20 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11572 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/318138 doi:10.1029/2021JC017268 22555 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017268 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
8 |
_version_ |
1790603947308744704 |