Genómica de moluscos y acuicultura

• Main Authors: Saavedra, Camilo, Gestal, C., Novoa, Beatriz, Figueras Huerta, Antonio
• Format: Book Part
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Observatorio Español de Acuicultura 2007
• Subjects: Pacific; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/298499

40 pages, 5 figures, 1 table [EN] The use of genomic methodologies in molluscs is at an early stage, but grows steadily due to the importance of these organisms in aquaculture and marine environmental sciences. Whole-genome sequencing programs are going on in four species of non-commercial molluscs. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), which is the main molluscan species in worldwide aquaculture, is the focus of and international consortium to sequence its genome that is now sequencing the ends of BAC clones. Moreover, genetic linkage maps have been published for 8 species of molluscs, with the aim of detecting genes responsible for variation in productive traits. Transcriptomic methodologies are facilitating the progress in the field of mollusc immunology, and helping the study of genes related to the response to pathogens, as well as giving insights in the genetic basis of heterosis. The first molluscan DNA chips have been already produced, with the aim of studying the response to marine pollution in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, which is the main product of European marine aquaculture. Proteomic methods are also being applied to the study of these topics. We can foresee that the application of genomic approaches will result in relevant contributions in the years to come in fields of major importance in mollusc aquaculture, such as the already quoted of disease resistence and depuration of marine toxins, diet design for larval culture and conditioning for reproduction, and the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and growth control [ES] La aplicación de métodos genómicos en los moluscos está en sus comienzos, pero avanza decididamente debido a la importancia de estos organismos en la acuicultura y en las ciencias ambientales marinas. Cuatro especies de moluscos no comerciales son objeto en la actualidad de programas de secuenciación, y se ha formado un consorcio internacional para la secuenciación del genoma de la ostra japonesa (Crassostrea gigas), el principal molusco cultivado, del que ...