Insights into the three-dimensional lagrangian geometry of the Antarctic polar vortex

• Published in: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics
• Main Authors: Curbelo, Jezabel, García-Garrido, Víctor José, Roberto Mechoso, Carlos, Mancho, Ana Maria, Wiggins, Stephen, Niang, Coumba
• Other Authors: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas https://ror.org/02gfc7t72
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2017
• Subjects: Antarctic; Garrido; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/255750; https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-379-2017; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329; https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85025822746

In this paper we study the three-dimensional (3-D) Lagrangian structures in the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) above Antarctica. We analyse and visualize these structures using Lagrangian descriptor function M. The procedure for calculation with reanalysis data is explained. Benchmarks are computed and analysed that allow us to compare 2-D and 3-D aspects of Lagrangian transport. Dynamical systems concepts appropriate to 3-D, such as normally hyperbolic invariant curves, are discussed and applied. In order to illustrate our approach we select an interval of time in which the SPV is relatively undisturbed (August 1979) and an interval of rapid SPV changes (October 1979). Our results provide new insights into the Lagrangian structure of the vertical extension of the stratospheric polar vortex and its evolution. Our results also show complex Lagrangian patterns indicative of strong mixing processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Finally, during the transition to summer in the late spring, we illustrate the vertical structure of two counterrotating vortices, one the polar and the other an emerging one, and the invariant separatrix that divides them. Jezabel Curbelo, Víctor José García-Garrido and Ana Maria Mancho are supported by MINECO grant MTM2014-56392-R. Coumba Niang acknowledges Fundacion Mujeres por Africa and ICMAT Severo Ochoa project SEV-2011- 0087 for financial support. Ana Maria Mancho and Coumba Niang are supported by CSIC grant COOPB20265. The research of Stephen Wiggins is supported by ONR grant no. N00014-01-1- 0769. Carlos Roberto Mechoso was supported by U.S. NSF grant AGS-1245069. We also acknowledge support from ONR grant no. N00014-16-1-2492. Thanks are owed to CESGA and ICMAT for computing facilities. Peer reviewed