Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of...
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American Chemical Society
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253906 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 |
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/253906 2024-02-11T09:55:51+01:00 Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants Casas, Gemma Martínez-Varela, Alicia Vila-Costa, Maria Jiménez, Begoña Dachs, Jordi Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) 2021-09-23 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253906 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 en eng American Chemical Society #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/CTM2015-70535-P info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-096612-B-l00 Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 Sí Environmental Science and Technology 55 (19): 12961–12972 (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253906 doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 open Wet deposition Snow Scavenging Amplification PFASs OPEs Antarctica PCBs PBDEs artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 2021 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c0329510.13039/501100004837 2024-01-16T11:15:21Z Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain–aerosol (KRP) and rain–gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas–water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions. We thank the staff of the Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC) for their logistical support during the sampling campaign at Livingston Island, M. Pizarro for technical assistance, and The State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) for the meteorological assistance. This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of science to G.C. and A.M.-V. through predoctoral fellowships and projects SENTINEL (CTM2015-70535-P) and ANTOM (PGC2018-096612-B-l00). This research is part of POLARCSIC activities. The research group of Global Change and Genomic Biogeochemistry receives support from ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Livingston Island Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) Livingston Island ENVELOPE(-60.500,-60.500,-62.600,-62.600) Environmental Science & Technology |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
op_collection_id |
ftcsic |
language |
English |
topic |
Wet deposition Snow Scavenging Amplification PFASs OPEs Antarctica PCBs PBDEs |
spellingShingle |
Wet deposition Snow Scavenging Amplification PFASs OPEs Antarctica PCBs PBDEs Casas, Gemma Martínez-Varela, Alicia Vila-Costa, Maria Jiménez, Begoña Dachs, Jordi Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants |
topic_facet |
Wet deposition Snow Scavenging Amplification PFASs OPEs Antarctica PCBs PBDEs |
description |
Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain–aerosol (KRP) and rain–gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas–water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions. We thank the staff of the Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC) for their logistical support during the sampling campaign at Livingston Island, M. Pizarro for technical assistance, and The State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) for the meteorological assistance. This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of science to G.C. and A.M.-V. through predoctoral fellowships and projects SENTINEL (CTM2015-70535-P) and ANTOM (PGC2018-096612-B-l00). This research is part of POLARCSIC activities. The research group of Global Change and Genomic Biogeochemistry receives support from ... |
author2 |
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Casas, Gemma Martínez-Varela, Alicia Vila-Costa, Maria Jiménez, Begoña Dachs, Jordi |
author_facet |
Casas, Gemma Martínez-Varela, Alicia Vila-Costa, Maria Jiménez, Begoña Dachs, Jordi |
author_sort |
Casas, Gemma |
title |
Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants |
title_short |
Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants |
title_full |
Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants |
title_fullStr |
Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants |
title_sort |
rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants |
publisher |
American Chemical Society |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253906 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.500,-60.500,-62.600,-62.600) |
geographic |
Livingston Island |
geographic_facet |
Livingston Island |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Livingston Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Livingston Island |
op_relation |
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/CTM2015-70535-P info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-096612-B-l00 Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 Sí Environmental Science and Technology 55 (19): 12961–12972 (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253906 doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c03295 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c0329510.13039/501100004837 |
container_title |
Environmental Science & Technology |
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1790599136066666496 |