Sources, Occurrence and Characteristics of Fluorescent Biological Aerosol Particles Measured Over the Pristine Southern Ocean

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• Main Authors: Moallemi, Alireza, Landwehr, Sebastian, Robinson, Charlotte Mary, Simó, Rafel, Zamanillo Campos, Marina, Chen, Gang, Baccarini, Andrea, Schnaiter, Martin, Henning, Silvia, Modini, Robin L., Gysel-Beer, Martin, Schmale, Julia
• Other Authors: Swiss Polar Institute, European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Data Science Center, European Research Council, Australian Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: American Geophysical Union 2021
• Subjects: Antarctic; Austral; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/245632; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034811; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000781; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000923; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780

24 pages, 8 figures, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034811.-- Data Availability Statement: The data set used in this study are available in (1) Antoine et al. (2019) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3406983; (2) Chen et al. (2019) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559982; (3) Landwehr et al. (2020) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3836439; (4) Landwehr, Thurnherr et al. (2020) available at https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3487-2020; (5) Schmale et al. (2019) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2636709; (6) Tatzelt et al. (2020) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3922147; (7) Thomalla et al., (2020) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3859515; (8) Thurnherr et al. (2020) available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4031705; In addition, the fluorescent aerosol and gel–like POM measurements have been uploading as supplementary information supporting this article In this study, we investigate the occurrence of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) over all sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO) based on a 90-day data set collected during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) in austral summer 2016–2017. Super-micrometer PBAP (1–16 µm diameter) were measured by a wide band integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS-4). Low (3σ) and high (9σ) fluorescence thresholds are used to obtain statistics on fluorescent and hyper-fluorescent PBAP, respectively. Our focus is on data obtained over the pristine ocean, that is, more than 200 km away from land. The results indicate that (hyper-)fluorescent PBAP are correlated to atmospheric variables associated with sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles (wind speed, total super-micrometer aerosol number concentration, chloride and sodium concentrations). This suggests that a main source of PBAP over the SO is SSA. The median percentage contribution of fluorescent and hyper-fluorescent PBAP to super-micrometer SSA was 1.6% and 0.13%, respectively. We demonstrate that the fraction of (hyper-)fluorescent ...