Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations
Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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Frontiers Media
2021
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242745 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 https://doi.org/10.13039/100009473 |
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/242745 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
op_collection_id |
ftcsic |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow Temperature trends Buoyancy fluxes Salinity trends pH trends |
spellingShingle |
Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow Temperature trends Buoyancy fluxes Salinity trends pH trends García-Lafuente, Jesús Sammartino, Simone Huertas, I. Emma Flecha, Susana Sánchez Leal, Ricardo Naranjo, Cristina Nadal, Irene Bellanco, María J. Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations |
topic_facet |
Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow Temperature trends Buoyancy fluxes Salinity trends pH trends |
description |
Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity data indicate that the exchange through the Strait is submaximal (that is, greater values of the exchanged flows are possible) with a mean value of ¿0.847 ± 0.129 Sv and a slight trend to decrease in magnitude (+0.017 ± 0.003 Sv decade¿1). Submaximal exchange promotes footprints in the Mediterranean outflow with little or no-time delay with regards to changes occurring in the basin. An astonishing warming trend of 0.339 ± 0.008°C decade¿1 in the deepest layer of the outflow from 2013 onwards stands out among these changes, a trend that is an order of magnitude greater than any other reported so far in the water masses of the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemical (pH) data display a negative trend indicating a gradual acidification of the outflow in the monitoring station. Data analysis suggests that these trends are compatible with a progressively larger participation of Levantine Intermediate Water (slightly warmer and characterized by a pH lower than that of Western Mediterranean Deep Water) in the outflow. Such interpretation is supported by climatic data analysis that indicate diminished buoyancy fluxes to the atmosphere during the seven last years of the analyzed series, which in turn would have reduced the rate of formation of Western Mediterranean Deep Water. The flow through the Strait has echoed this fact in a situation of submaximal exchange and, ultimately, reflects it in the shocking temperature trend recorded at the monitoring station. Introduction Time series analyzed in this paper have been collected within the frame of INGRES Projects, INGRES1 (REN2003_01608), INGRES2 (CTM2006_02326/MAR), and INGRES3 (CTM2010_21229-C02-01/MAR), Special Action CTM2009-05810-E/MAR, funded by the Spanish Government. Since ... |
author2 |
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Universidad de Málaga Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) European Commission Mediterranean Science Commission Copernicus Marine Service |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
García-Lafuente, Jesús Sammartino, Simone Huertas, I. Emma Flecha, Susana Sánchez Leal, Ricardo Naranjo, Cristina Nadal, Irene Bellanco, María J. |
author_facet |
García-Lafuente, Jesús Sammartino, Simone Huertas, I. Emma Flecha, Susana Sánchez Leal, Ricardo Naranjo, Cristina Nadal, Irene Bellanco, María J. |
author_sort |
García-Lafuente, Jesús |
title |
Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations |
title_short |
Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations |
title_full |
Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations |
title_fullStr |
Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations |
title_sort |
hotter and weaker mediterranean outflow as a response to basin-wide alterations |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242745 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 https://doi.org/10.13039/100009473 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/820989 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/EQC2018-004285-P Publisher's version Huertas, I. Emma; Flecha, Susana; García-Lafuente, Jesús (2022). Carbon system parameters and thermohaline records from autonomous moored sensors deployed in marine time series GIFT (Strait of Gibraltar) over 2012-2017 [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/14725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 Sí doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 e-issn: 2296-7745 Frontiers in Marine Science 8: 613444 (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242745 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009473 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.61344410.13039/50110001103310.13039/50110000078010.13039/50110000332910.13039/10000947310.20350/digitalCSIC/14725 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1790604740841701376 |
spelling |
ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/242745 2024-02-11T10:06:47+01:00 Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations García-Lafuente, Jesús Sammartino, Simone Huertas, I. Emma Flecha, Susana Sánchez Leal, Ricardo Naranjo, Cristina Nadal, Irene Bellanco, María J. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Universidad de Málaga Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) European Commission Mediterranean Science Commission Copernicus Marine Service 2021-03-08 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242745 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 https://doi.org/10.13039/100009473 unknown Frontiers Media #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/820989 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/EQC2018-004285-P Publisher's version Huertas, I. Emma; Flecha, Susana; García-Lafuente, Jesús (2022). Carbon system parameters and thermohaline records from autonomous moored sensors deployed in marine time series GIFT (Strait of Gibraltar) over 2012-2017 [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/14725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 Sí doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.613444 e-issn: 2296-7745 Frontiers in Marine Science 8: 613444 (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242745 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009473 open Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow Temperature trends Buoyancy fluxes Salinity trends pH trends artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 2021 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.61344410.13039/50110001103310.13039/50110000078010.13039/50110000332910.13039/10000947310.20350/digitalCSIC/14725 2024-01-16T11:09:33Z Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity data indicate that the exchange through the Strait is submaximal (that is, greater values of the exchanged flows are possible) with a mean value of ¿0.847 ± 0.129 Sv and a slight trend to decrease in magnitude (+0.017 ± 0.003 Sv decade¿1). Submaximal exchange promotes footprints in the Mediterranean outflow with little or no-time delay with regards to changes occurring in the basin. An astonishing warming trend of 0.339 ± 0.008°C decade¿1 in the deepest layer of the outflow from 2013 onwards stands out among these changes, a trend that is an order of magnitude greater than any other reported so far in the water masses of the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemical (pH) data display a negative trend indicating a gradual acidification of the outflow in the monitoring station. Data analysis suggests that these trends are compatible with a progressively larger participation of Levantine Intermediate Water (slightly warmer and characterized by a pH lower than that of Western Mediterranean Deep Water) in the outflow. Such interpretation is supported by climatic data analysis that indicate diminished buoyancy fluxes to the atmosphere during the seven last years of the analyzed series, which in turn would have reduced the rate of formation of Western Mediterranean Deep Water. The flow through the Strait has echoed this fact in a situation of submaximal exchange and, ultimately, reflects it in the shocking temperature trend recorded at the monitoring station. Introduction Time series analyzed in this paper have been collected within the frame of INGRES Projects, INGRES1 (REN2003_01608), INGRES2 (CTM2006_02326/MAR), and INGRES3 (CTM2010_21229-C02-01/MAR), Special Action CTM2009-05810-E/MAR, funded by the Spanish Government. Since ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |